The DOI matches its Crossref record; 204 of the 210 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study
Abstract
The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was established in 1948 to improve understanding of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the USA. In 1961, seminal work identified major risk factors for CHD (high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels and evidence on the electrocardiogram of left ventricular hypertrophy), which later formed the basis for multivariable 10-year and 30-year risk-prediction algorithms. The FHS cohorts now comprise three generations of participants (n ≈ 15,000) and two minority cohorts. The FHS cohorts are densely phenotyped, with recurring follow-up examinations and surveillance for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular end points. Assessment of subclinical disease and physiological profiling of these cohorts (with the use of echocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise stress testing, cardiac CT, heart and brain MRI, serial vascular tonometry and accelerometry) have been performed repeatedly. Over the past decade, the FHS cohorts have undergone deep 'omics' profiling (including whole-genome sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, transcriptomics, high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics, and microbiome studies). The FHS is a rich, longitudinal, transgenerational and deeply phenotyped cohort study with a sustained focus on state-of-the-art epidemiological methods and technological advances to facilitate scientific discoveries.
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“Over its 74-year length, the Framingham Heart Study has demonstrated that hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertension and diabetes are cardiovascular risk factors associated with the future development of heart failure [2,3].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cites
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Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
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Self-citationLevy, D., Garrison, R. J., Savage, D. D., Kannel, W. B., & Castelli, W. P. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199005313222203 · Cited by 5,699
Self-citationThe Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa066082 · Cited by 5,007
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Risk of Death: The Framingham Heart Study
Benjamin, E. J., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Silbershatz, H., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.10.946 · Cited by 4,575
Self-citationHubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968 · Cited by 4,241
The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study
McKee, P. A., Castelli, W. P., McNamara, P. M., & Kannel, W. B. (1971) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197112232852601 · Cited by 3,448
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Rosenberg, I. H., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Wolf, P. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011613 · Cited by 3,237
Obesity and the risk of heart failure
Kenchaiah, S., Evans, J. C., Levy, D., Wilson, P. W. F., Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., & Vasan, R. S. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020245 · Cited by 3,093
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The changing landscape of atherosclerosis
Libby, P. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03392-8 · Cited by 2,873
Neutrophils as regulators of cardiovascular inflammation
Silvestre-Roig, C., Braster, Q., Ortega‐Gómez, A., & Soehnlein, O. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0326-7 · Cited by 627
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Kosmas, C. E., Bousvarou, M. D., Kostara, C. E., Papakonstantinou, E. J., Salamou, E., & Guzman, E. (2023) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605231164548 · Cited by 434
Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials
Shi, Y., Zhang, H., Huang, S., Yin, L., Wang, F., Luo, P., & Huang, H. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01055-2 · Cited by 377
Pre-Analytical Factors that Affect Metabolite Stability in Human Urine, Plasma, and Serum: A Review
Stevens, V. L., Hoover, E., Wang, Y., & Zanetti, K. A. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9080156 · Cited by 189
Metadata
- Authors
- Andersson, C., Johnson, A. D., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., & Vasan, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Charlotte
- Vasan, Ramachandran S.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cardiology
- Published
- 2019-05-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 687-698
- ISSN
- 1759-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5010
- OpenAlex
- W2944646092
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- American Heart Association
- Evans Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- Framingham Heart Study, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, risk prediction algorithm, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, subclinical cardiovascular disease, multi-omics profiling, longitudinal cohort
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Data Collection, Echocardiography, Exercise Test, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Manometry, Phenotype, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Genomics, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century
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