Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
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The relationship between the degree of obesity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reexamined in the 5209 men and women of the original Framingham cohort. Recent observations of disease occurrence over 26 years indicate that obesity, measured by Metropolitan Relative Weight, was a significant independent predictor of CVD, particularly among women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that Metropolitan Relative Weight, or percentage of desirable weight, on initial examination predicted 26-year incidence of coronary disease (both angina and coronary disease other than angina), coronary death and congestive heart failure in men independent of age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarettes, left ventricular hypertrophy and glucose intolerance. Relative weight in women was also positively and independently associated with coronary disease, stroke, congestive failure, and coronary and CVD death. These data further show that weight gain after the young adult years conveyed an increased risk of CVD in both sexes that could not be attributed either to the initial weight or the levels of the risk factors that may have resulted from weight gain. Intervention in obesity, in addition to the well established risk factors, appears to be an advisable goal in the primary prevention of CVD.
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Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, even after accounting for metabolic cardiovascular risk factors linked to excess weight.
“Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, even after the influence of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors linked to excess weight has been accounted for. 3-6”
From Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
The population attributable risk for heart failure due to obesity was 14% in women and 11% in men, higher than for diabetes, valvular heart disease, or left ventricular hypertrophy.
“The PAR for heart failure due to obesity was 14% in women, and 11% in men, higher than that observed for diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, or left ventricular hypertrophy.”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [78]
A 2002 paper by Kenchaiah et al. using updated Framingham data arrived at similar conclusions about obesity and heart failure risk.
“A paper by Kenchaiah and colleagues in 2002 using updated Framingham data arrived at similar conclusions.78”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [78]
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- Authors
- Hubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1983-05
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 968-977
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2110713453
- Cited by
- 4,241
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 153 · 2016: 183 · 2015: 182 · 2014: 181 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 168
- FWCI
- 31.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- obesity, cardiovascular disease, Framingham Heart Study, coronary artery disease, coronary death, congestive heart failure, stroke, sex differences, weight gain, primary prevention, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Cardiomegaly, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking
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