Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: clinical observations and potential mechanisms

Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119

Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Klein, N. P., Lewis, N., Goddard, K., FIREMAN, B. H., Zerbo, O., Hanson, K. E., Donahue, J. G., Kharbanda, E. O., Naleway, A. L., Nelson, J. C., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15072 · Cited by 633

Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization

Witberg, G., Barda, N., Hoss, S., Richter, I., Wiessman, M., Aviv, Y., Grinberg, T., Auster, O., Dagan, N., Balicer, R. D., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2110737 · Cited by 613

Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel

Mevorach, D., Anis, E., Cedar, N., Bromberg, M., Haas, E. J., Nadir, E., Olsha-Castell, S., Arad, D., Hasin, T., Levi, N., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2109730 · Cited by 599

Potential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases

Vojdani, A., & Kharrazian, D. (2020) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108480 · Cited by 589

Myocarditis Following Immunization With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Members of the US Military

Montgomery, J., Ryan, M., Engler, R., Hoffman, D., McClenathan, B., Collins, L., Loran, D., Hrncir, D., Herring, K., Platzer, M., et al. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833 · Cited by 536

The Quest for New Approaches in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

Heymans, S., Eriksson, U., Lehtonen, J., & Cooper, L. T. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.937 · Cited by 359

Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Biopsy‐Proven Viral Myocarditis: 10‐Year Outcome Data

Greulich, S., Seitz, A., Müller, K., Grün, S., Ong, P., Ebadi, N., Kreisselmeier, K. P., Seizer, P., Bekeredjian, R., Zwadlo, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015351 · Cited by 86

Myocardial Pathology in COVID-19-Associated Cardiac Injury: A Systematic Review

Maiese, A., Frati, P., Duca, F. D., Santoro, P., Manetti, A. C., Russa, R. L., Paolo, M. D., Turillazzi, E., & Fineschi, V. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11091647 · Cited by 55

Myocardial injury characterized by elevated cardiac troponin and in‐hospital mortality of COVID‐19: An insight from a meta‐analysis

Aikawa, T., Takagi, H., Ishikawa, K., & Kuno, T. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26108 · Cited by 53

Cardiac adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccination: cardiac MRI findings

Kravchenko, D., & Luetkens, J. A. (2022) · Die Radiologie · doi:10.1007/s00117-022-01090-8 · Cited by 1

Cardiac Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Prior Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis

Montgomery, J. R. (2023) · Federal Practitioner · doi:10.12788/fp.0354 · Cited by 1

Functional foods as immunomodulators: Tackling the SARS-CoV-2 related cytokine storm–A review

Kaur, H., & Singh, M. (2023) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100407 · Cited by 1

Stress Echocardiography Post-COVID-19

D’Andrea, A., Sabatella, F., & Picano, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31062-1_39 · Cited by 1

A Case of Biopsy-Proven Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy Following Heterologous mRNA-1273 Third-Dose Immunization

Hashimoto, K., Yamamoto, H., Ikeda, Y., Isogai, J., & Hashimoto, T. (2024) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14924

Endurance Exercise Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Inflammation in BALB/c Mice Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

Eens, S., Hecke, M. V., den Bogaert, S. V., Favere, K., Cools, N., Fransén, E., Roskams, T., Heidbüchel, H., & Guns, P. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12090966 · Cited by 1

COVID-19 Vaccine: A Potential Risk Factor for Accelerating the Onset of Bullous Pemphigoid

Pira, A., Mariotti, F., Moro, F., Didona, B., Scaglione, G. L., Panebianco, A., ABENI, D. D., & Zenzo, G. D. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12091016 · Cited by 1

A case report of severe myocarditis combined with erythema multiforme caused by herpes simplex virus-1

Huang, A., Lin, B., Ji, X., & Chen, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1421364 · Cited by 1

Potential Immunologic and Integrative Methods to Enhance Vaccine Safety

Dattner, A. M. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10071108 · Cited by 1

Diagnostics of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus‑2 (SARS-CoV‑2) vaccination-associated myocarditis—A systematic review

Federspiel, J. M., Ramsthaler, F., Kettner, M., & Mall, G. (2022) · Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00194-022-00587-9 · Cited by 1

A New Strategy for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Protein Expression Using Biocompatible Nanohydrogels of Predefined Sizes

Eswaran, L., Kazimirsky, G., Yehuda, R., & Byk, G. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15030961 · Cited by 1

Myocarditis Related-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: A Narrative Review

Gushaendri, I., Shafia, F., Hairunisa, N., Yousif, E. A., & Amalia, H. (2023) · Al- Anbar Medical Journal · doi:10.33091/amj.2023.139728.1106

A Pediatric Case of Myocarditis after Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Diagnosed Only from Blood Tests

Izawa, M., Satoh, K., Shiraga, K., Yamaguchi, T., Omori, A., Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Masuda, H., Kanda, S., Matsui, H., et al. (2022) · Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery · doi:10.9794/jspccs.38.180 · Cited by 1

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following the SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 VaccinationPreprint

Afshar, Z. M., Liang, J. J., Habib, M. A., Moghadam, M. A. T., Babazadeh, A., Ramzani, E., Hosseinzadeh, R., Hashemi, E., Sio, T. T. W., Allahgholipour, A., et al. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0085.v1 · Cited by 1

Circulating Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Possibly Contribute to a Transient ACE2 Dysfunction Leading to Rare Cases of Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA VaccinationPreprint

Devaux, C. A., Colson, P., Raoult, D., & Camoin‐Jau, L. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1883.v1

Myocarditis: COVID-19 is a much bigger risk to the heart than vaccination

Pyle, G., & Huang, J. H. (2022) · The Conversation · doi:10.64628/aam.g5vmn7rrw · Cited by 1

Myocarditis Associated With COVID-19 Infection and Mrna Vaccination: A Review Article

Khan, A., Balaw, M. K., Sattar, H., Garg, Y., Sebastián, F. J. V., Agyingi, C., Fichadiya, H. A., & Haseeb, M. (2022) · International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention · doi:10.18535/ijmsci/v9i05.05

Myocardial injury after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Two sides of the same coin or different?

Ochs, M. M., & Korosoglou, G. (2022) · The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-022-02651-7

Myopericarditis and COVID-19 Vaccination

Rao, M. (2022) · Journal of Virology and Viral Diseases · doi:10.54289/jvvd2200110

COVID-19 Vaccines and Myopericarditis: A Nuanced Story

Jacobs, M., & Kalogeropoulos, A. P. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12081242

Myocarditis After Vaccination

Çanakçı, M. E., Mert, K. U., & Aydın, N. (2022) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x22001236

Editorial for “Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in COVID ‐19 Vaccine‐Related Myocarditis: A Pooled Analysis of 468 Patients”

Bart, N. (2022) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.28412

Systemic lupus erythematosus myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination

Sogbe, M., Matteo, A. B.-D., Frisco, I. M. D., Bastidas, J. F., Salterain-González, N., & Gavira, J. J. (2023) · Reumatología Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2022.06.006

Postvaccine myocarditis and the use of antipyretics: Is there any relation?

Fatima, M., Basit, J., Ahmed, A., Murad, M. W., Swed, S., & Cheema, H. A. (2023) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.24061

Improvement of clinical symptoms and cardiac abnormalities detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with long COVID syndrome after guideline-oriented therapyPreprint

Gyöngyösi, M., Hašimbegović, E., Lukovic, D., Han, E., Zlabinger, K., Spannbauer, A., Riesenhuber, M., Bergler-Klein, J. K., Hengstenberg, C., Kammerlander, A. A., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3079339/v1

Identification of COVID-19 Cuproptosis-Related Gene Subtypes and Construction of Prediction Models Using Multiple Machine Learning MethodsPreprint

Hu, R., Liu, C., & Li, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3078755/v1

Myocarditis after vaccination for COVID-19

Hamatani, Y., & Akao, M. (2023) · Japanese Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.2491/jjsth.34.452

COVID-19 Vaccine–Associated Myocarditis Considerations for Competitive Athletes

Tso, J., & Kim, J. H. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-023-01009-z

A Pharmacoepidemiological Approach For Evaluating The Risk Of Myocarditis And Pericarditis Following Mrna COVID-19 Vaccination

Alami, A. (2023) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2023-15810

What impact does the COVID-19 pandemic era have on the incidence of myocardial infarction-related fatalities in distinct age groups of male and female? A comparison study (2017–2022)Preprint

Kumar, P., & Anupama (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/42tcn

What Impact Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Era Have On the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction-Related Fatalities in Distinct Age Groups of Male and Female? A Comparison Study (2017-2022)Preprint

Kumar, P., & Anupama, A. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/3opsh3

Highlights of the 2022 Brano Heart Failure Forum: Part One

Livil, U., Radovancevic, R., Vrtovec, B., & Gregorič, I. D. (2023) · The VAD Journal · doi:10.11589/vad/e2023914

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Single-Centre Case SeriesePreprint

Alshugair, N., Helali, S. A., Almousa, A., Elrasheed, M., & Sadraldin, R. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982502/v1

Risk of myocarditis after three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines in the United States, 2020–2022: A self‐controlled case series study

Lai, D., Lim, D. A., Lu, J., Wang, H., Huang, T., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12595

Vaccination against COVID-19 in a post-pandemic era

Neto, F. L., Ceccato, A., & Ranzani, O. (2024) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10020223

The role of COVID-19 vaccination

Lin, E. Y., Behrouzi, B., & Udell, J. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-14001-3.00015-7

Long-term clinical outcomes and prognosis

Molinari, L. V., Ricci, F., Gallina, S., Fedorowski, A., & Chahal, C. A. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-14001-3.00012-1

(Constrictive pericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report and literature review)

Simovicova, V., Danková, M., Drangová, E., Hulman, M., & Gonçalvesová, E. (2025) · Cor et Vasa · doi:10.33678/cor.2024.107

Increased cardiomyopathy risk after viral infection evidence from a nationwide cohort in Taiwan

Yu, P.-C., Hsin, H., Chung, R., Huang, S.-H., Weng, T., Wang, B., Chung, C., Huang, Y.-C., Chien, W., Lin, Y., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25454-x

Evidence for Autoimmunity in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis

Tuvali, O., Welt, M., Benaim, C., Fassler, M., & George, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27062694

TMEM87a Maintains Cardiomyocyte Integrity by Limiting Ferroptosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Wang, K. Y., Chen, Q., Lu, J., Guan, C., Peng, Y., Yao, Y., Qiu, Z., Zhang, J., Geng, L., Xiao, B., et al. (2026) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70339

Health-related quality of life among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 in the Republic of the Congo in 2024Preprint

Peya, J. M., Ndziessi, G., NGOYOMI, J. R., Niama, R. F., Niama, A. C., & Matangelo, G. E. E. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10160935/v1

A roadmap for modernizing vaccine safety assessment: Challenges and opportunities for new approach methodologies

Sillé, F., Désert, P., Levis, R., Wrzesinski, C., Cavaleri, M., & Hartung, T. (2026) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2608271

From cytokine storm to adaptive dysregulation: temporal evolution of the inflammatory network and phase-specific intervention strategies in fulminant viral myocarditis

Liu, Y., Li, J., Xiao, G., & He, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1946787

The benefit of vaccination against COVID-19 outweighs the potential risk of myocarditis and pericarditis

Klamer, T. A., Linschoten, M., & Asselbergs, F. W. (2022) · Netherlands Heart Journal · doi:10.1007/s12471-022-01677-9 · Cited by 10

Adolescent Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination Is Rare

Kuehn, B. M. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14237 · Cited by 6

Editorial Comment: Cardiac MRI as a Fundamental Tool in the Evaluation of Suspected Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Young Patients

Caredda, G. (2021) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.21.27026 · Cited by 1

Cardiac MRI Findings of Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adolescents

Chelala, L., Jeudy, J., Hossain, R., Rosenthal, G., Pietris, N., & White, C. S. (2021) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.21.26853 · Cited by 37

COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in patients with previous myocarditis

Pieroni, M., Ciabatti, M., Saletti, E., D’Aniello, E., Bolognese, L., & on-behalf-of-the-COVID-Vaccine-in-myocarditis-study-group (2022) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2022.07.011 · Cited by 4