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Cited by 294Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentDiet, Metabolism, and DiseaseAlcohol Consumption and Health Effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 222 of the 222 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary carbohydrates and fats in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Yki-Järvinen, Hannele, Luukkonen, Panu K., Hodson, Leanne, Moore, J. Bernadette·2021·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
DOI 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y
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Abstract

The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. Controversy has emerged around dietary guidelines recommending low-fat-high-carbohydrate diets and the roles of dietary macronutrients in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this Review, the topical questions of whether and how dietary fats and carbohydrates, including free sugars, differentially influence the accumulation of liver fat (specifically, intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content) are addressed. Focusing on evidence from humans, we examine data from stable isotope studies elucidating how macronutrients regulate IHTG synthesis and disposal, alter pools of bioactive lipids and influence insulin sensitivity. In addition, we review cross-sectional studies on dietary habits of patients with NAFLD and randomized controlled trials on the effects of altering dietary macronutrients on IHTG. Perhaps surprisingly, evidence to date shows no differential effects between free sugars, with both glucose and fructose increasing IHTG in the context of excess energy. Moreover, saturated fat raises IHTG more than polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats, with adverse effects on insulin sensitivity, which are probably mediated in part by increased ceramide synthesis. Taken together, the data support the use of diets that have a reduced content of free sugars, refined carbohydrates and saturated fat in the treatment of NAFLD.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y

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Metadata

Authors
Yki-Järvinen, H., Luukkonen, P. K., Hodson, L., & Moore, J. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-07-13
Volume
18
Issue
11
Pages
770-786
ISSN
  • 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5053
DOI
10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y
OpenAlex
W3178703016
Cited by
294
References
222
Citations by year
2026: 51 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 8
FWCI
6.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • British Heart Foundation (FS/15/56/31645)
  • Novo Nordisk
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0054504, NNF19OC0057503)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/000PR10347, BB/N005600/1, BBS/E/F/00044434)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Keywords
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dietary carbohydrates, dietary fat, free sugars, fructose, glucose, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, intrahepatic triglyceride, hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin sensitivity, ceramide synthesis, bioactive lipids, macronutrient metabolism, obesity, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet
MeSH terms
Dietary Sugars, Ceramides, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Fructose, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Triglycerides, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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