The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TIM3 comes of age as an inhibitory receptor
Open accessAbstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a member of the TIM family, was originally identified as a receptor expressed on interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Initial data indicated that TIM3 functioned as a 'co-inhibitory' or 'checkpoint' receptor, but due to the lack of a definable inhibitory signalling motif, it was also suggested that TIM3 might act as a co-stimulatory receptor. Recent studies have shown that TIM3 is part of a module that contains multiple co-inhibitory receptors (checkpoint receptors), which are co-expressed and co-regulated on dysfunctional or 'exhausted' T cells in chronic viral infections and cancer. Furthermore, co-blockade of TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD1) can result in tumour regression in preclinical models and can improve anticancer T cell responses in patients with advanced cancers. Here, we highlight the developments in understanding TIM3 biology, including novel ligand identification and the discovery of loss-of-function mutations associated with human disease. In addition, we summarize emerging data from human clinical trials showing that TIM3 indeed acts as a 'checkpoint' receptor and that inhibition of TIM3 enhances the antitumour effect of PD1 blockade.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, tyrosine kinase FYN and human leukocyte antigen B (HLA‐B)‐associated transcript 3 (BAT3) were suggested to inhibit the cytoplasmic tail of TIM‐3 signaling [307, 308, 309].”
From Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression (2023) · cites this paper as [307]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the latter of which encodes the checkpoint molecule TIM3, one of the most promising new therapeutic approaches in cancer 32 that was recently described in a GWAS as an AD risk gene 2 .”
From APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tivol, E. A., Borriello, F., Schweitzer, A. N., Lynch, W. P., Bluestone, J. A., & Sharpe, A. H. (1995) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90125-6 · Cited by 2,914
Lymphoproliferative Disorders with Early Lethality in Mice Deficient in Ctla-4
Waterhouse, P., Penninger, J. M., Timms, E., Wakeham, A., Shahinian, A., Lee, K. P., Thompson, C. B., Griesser, H., & Mak, T. W. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5238.985 · Cited by 2,766
Nishimura, H., Nose, M., Hiai, H., Minato, N., & Honjo, T. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80089-8 · Cited by 2,749
Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation
Anderson, A. C., Joller, N., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.001 · Cited by 2,096
Self-citationMiller, B. C., Sen, D. R., Al Abosy, R., Bi, K., Virkud, Y. V., LaFleur, M. W., Yates, K. B., Lako, A., Felt, K., Naik, G. S., et al. (2019) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0312-6 · Cited by 2,087
Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity
Sakuishi, K., Apetoh, L., Sullivan, J. M., Blazar, B. R., Kuchroo, V. K., & Anderson, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20100643 · Cited by 2,072
Self-citationDefining CD8+ T cells that provide the proliferative burst after PD-1 therapy
Im, S. J., Hashimoto, M., Gerner, M. Y., Lee, J., Kissick, H. T., Burger, M. C., Shan, Q., Hale, J. S., Lee, J., Nasti, T. H., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19330 · Cited by 2,070
The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity
Zhu, C., Anderson, A. C., Schubart, A., Xiong, H., Imitola, J., Khoury, S. J., Zheng, X. X., Strom, T. B., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1271 · Cited by 2,057
Self-citationDefining T Cell States Associated with Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Sade-Feldman, M., Yizhak, K., Bjorgaard, S. L., Ray, J. P., de Boer, C. G., Jenkins, R. W., Lieb, D. J., Chen, J. H., Frederick, D. T., Barzily-Rokni, M., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.038 · Cited by 2,053
Autoimmune Dilated Cardiomyopathy in PD-1 Receptor-Deficient Mice
Nishimura, H., Okazaki, T., Tanaka, Y., Nakatani, K., Hara, M., Matsumori, A., Sasayama, S., Mizoguchi, A., Hiai, H., Minato, N., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.319 · Cited by 1,868
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Weiss, G. J. et al. A phase 1 study of TSR-022, an anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J. Immunother. Cancer 5, 86 (2017).
- Davar, D. et al. A phase 1 study of TSR-022, an anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody, in combination with TSR-042 (anti-PD-1) in patients with colorectal cancer and post-PD-1 NSCLC and melanoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 6, 115 (2018).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 963
Irani, Y., Kok, C. H., Clarson, J., Shanmuganathan, N., Branford, S., Yeung, D. T. O., Ross, D. M., Hughes, T. P., & Yong, A. S. M. (2023) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008854 · Cited by 22
Dumolard, L., Aspord, C., Marche, P. N., & Jílková, Z. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148111 · Cited by 22
Bruß, C., Kellner, K., Albert, V., Hutchinson, J. A., Seitz, S., Ortmann, O., Brockhoff, G., & Wege, A. K. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15092615 · Cited by 25
T Cell CEACAM1–TIM-3 Crosstalk Alleviates Liver Transplant Injury in Mice and Humans
Kojima, H., Kadono, K., Hirao, H., Dery, K. J., Torgerson, T., Yao, S., Kaldas, F. M., Farmer, D. G., Blumberg, R. S., & Kupiec‐Weglinski, J. W. (2023) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2023.07.004 · Cited by 22
Phosphatidylserine externalization as immune checkpoint in cancer
Kur, I.-M., & Weigert, A. (2024) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-024-02948-7 · Cited by 21
Han, T., Xu, D., Zhu, J. W., Li, J., Liu, L., & Deng, Y. (2021) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02146-w · Cited by 21
Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity
Thijssen, V. L. (2024) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-024-01014-9 · Cited by 23
Boruah, M., Agarwal, S., Mir, R. A., Choudhury, S. D., Sikka, K., Rastogi, S., Damle, N., & Sharma, M. C. (2024) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12022-024-09832-1 · Cited by 21
Li, G., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, T., & An, Z. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113952 · Cited by 23
TIM3+ breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak
Rozalén, C., Sangrador, I., Avalle, S., Blasco-Benito, S., Tzortzi, P., Sanz‐Flores, M., Palomeque, J. Á., Torren-Duran, P., Dalmau, M., Brunel, H., et al. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.015 · Cited by 21
Popp, F., Capino, I., Bartels, J., Damanakis, A. I., Li, J., Datta, R. R., Löser, H., Zhao, Y., Quaas, A., Lohneis, P., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13112689 · Cited by 22
Clinical Research on the Mechanisms Underlying Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Metastasis
Tang, X., Shi, A., Xiong, Y., Zheng, K., Liu, Y., Shi, X.-G., Jiang, T., & Zhao, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.693321 · Cited by 22
Tardos, E. C., Baglioni, M. V., & Bekiaris, V. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13184647 · Cited by 20
Wang, T., Zhang, J., Li, N., Li, M., Ma, S., Tan, S., Guo, X., Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Gao, L., et al. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.015 · Cited by 20
Liikanen, I., Basnet, S., Quixabeira, D. C. A., Taipale, K., Hemminki, O., Oksanen, M., Kankainen, M., Juhila, J., Kanerva, A., Joensuu, T. K., et al. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-003490 · Cited by 21
Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells
Loghry, H. J., Sondjaja, N. A., Minkler, S. J., & Kimber, M. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.952104 · Cited by 20
Modulation of T cell function and survival by the tumor microenvironment
Mani, N. L., Andrews, D., & Obeng, R. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1191774 · Cited by 22
South, A. P., Laimer, M., Gueye, M., Sui, J. Y., Eichenfield, L. F., Mellerio, J. E., & Nyström, A. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.024 · Cited by 23
Oncogene-induced TIM-3 ligand expression dictates susceptibility to anti–TIM-3 therapy in mice
Talvard-Balland, N., Braun, L. M., Dixon, K. O., Zwick, M., Engel, H., Hartmann, A., Duquesne, S., Penter, L., Andrieux, G., Rindlisbacher, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci177460 · Cited by 25
Self-citationDivide and Conquer—Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Nedeljković, M., Vuletić, A. M., & Martinović, K. M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26041396 · Cited by 21
Suematsu, M., Yagyu, S., Nagao, N., Kubota, S., Shimizu, Y., Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, Y., & Imamura, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.770132 · Cited by 21
Upregulation of PD‐L1 by SARS‐CoV‐2 promotes immune evasion
Huang, H., Wang, S., Fang, G., Chou, W., Liao, C., Sun, C., Jan, J., Ma, H., Ko, H., Ko, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28478 · Cited by 20
TP53 in AML and MDS: The new (old) kid on the block
Marks, J. A., Wang, X., Fenu, E. M., Bagg, A., & Lai, C. (2023) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2023.101055 · Cited by 20
Bewersdorf, J. P., Xie, Z., Bejar, R. L., Borate, U., Boultwood, J., Brunner, A. M., Buckstein, R. J., Carraway, H. E., Churpek, J. E., Daver, N. G., et al. (2023) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2023.101072 · Cited by 22
Self-citationZhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Han, X., Han, L., Wang, T., Hu, J. Y., Li, L., Ding, Z., Xiao Hua, S. H. I., & Qian, X. (2023) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101654 · Cited by 20
Brandi, J., Wiethe, C., Riehn, M., & Jacobs, T. (2023) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24740 · Cited by 20
Dobaño‐López, C., Valero, J. G., Araujo‐Ayala, F., Nadeu, F., Gava, F., Faria, C., Norlund, M., Morin, R., Bernes-Lasserre, P., Arenas, F., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01041-7 · Cited by 19
Wu, M., Valença-Pereira, F., Cendali, F. I., Giddings, E. L., Pham‐Danis, C., Yarnell, M. C., Novak, A. J., Brunetti, T. M., Thompson, S. B., Henao‐Mejia, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48653-y · Cited by 22
Salminen, A. (2024) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-024-10114-w · Cited by 22
Kou, F., Li, X.-Y., Feng, Z., Hua, J., Wu, X., Gao, H., Lin, J., Kang, D., Li, A., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334010 · Cited by 21
Giri, S., Lamichhane, G., Pandey, J., Khadayat, R., Sindhu, K. C., Devkota, H. P., & Khadka, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26072923 · Cited by 22
Saleh, R., Toor, S. M., & Elkord, E. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2020.1841750 · Cited by 19
Chen, S.-Y., Chen, S., Feng, W., Li, Z., Luo, Y., & Zhu, X. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-2430 · Cited by 20
The Proliferative Role of Immune Checkpoints in Tumors: Double Regulation
Tang, X., Luo, Z.-L., Xiong, Y., Yang, J., Shi, A., Zheng, K., Liu, Y., Shu, C., Ma, N., Lü, Q., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14215374 · Cited by 20
Ruedas‐Torres, I., Sánchez‐Carvajal, J. M., Carrasco, L., Pallarés, F. J., Larenas‐Muñoz, F., Rodríguez-Gómez, I. M., & Gómez-Laguna, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007523 · Cited by 19
Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Sun, R., Zhu, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Li, T., Jiang, N., Guo, H., & Yang, R. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085476 · Cited by 19
Immune checkpoint modulating T cells and NK cells response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Qin, Y., Wang, Q., & Shi, J. (2023) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2023.127393 · Cited by 19
Identification of a novel small-molecule inhibitor targeting TIM-3 for cancer immunotherapy
Wu, M., Wu, A., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Li, B., Jin, S., Dong, Q., Niu, X., Zhang, L., Zhou, X., et al. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115583 · Cited by 20
Lin, Z., Jiang, C., Wang, P., Chen, Q., Wang, B., Fu, X., Liang, Y., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., & Liu, X. (2023) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.85843 · Cited by 19
Lefebvre, A., Trioën, C., Renaud, S., Laine, W., Hennart, B., Bouchez, C., Leroux, B., Allorge, D., Kluza, J., Werkmeister, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12390 · Cited by 19
CAR-T Cells Targeting Immune Checkpoint Pathway Players
Golubovskaya, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2704121 · Cited by 19
Immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives
Ye, H., Liao, W., Pan, J., Shi, Y. P., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2300492 · Cited by 23
COVID-19, what could sepsis, severe acute pancreatitis, gender differences, and aging teach us?
Gallo, C. G., Fiorino, S., Posabella, G., Antonacci, D., Tropeano, A., Pausini, E., Pausini, C., Guarniero, T., Hong, W., Giampieri, E., et al. (2021) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155628 · Cited by 17
The biologically functional identification of a novel TIM3-binding peptide P26 in vitro and in vivo
Zhong, T., Zhao, C., Wang, S., Tao, D., Ma, S., & Shou, C. (2020) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-020-04167-0 · Cited by 18
Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
García‐Sancha, N., Corchado‐Cobos, R., Bellido-Hernández, L., Román‐Curto, C., Álvarez, E. C., Pérez‐Losada, J., Órfão, A., & Cañueto, J. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13205134 · Cited by 21
The role of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM)-10 in T helper cell biology
Sezin, T., Selvakumar, B., & Scheffold, A. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119192 · Cited by 18
Zhu, W., Tan, Y., & Wang, F. (2022) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2022.109185 · Cited by 18
Chinsuwan, T., Hirabayashi, K., Mishima, S., Hasegawa, A., Tanaka, M., Mochizuki, H., Shimoi, A., Murakami, T., Yagyu, S., Shimizu, K., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1016/j.omto.2023.100728 · Cited by 19
SCHWARTZ, J. L., Capistrano, K. J., Gluck, J., Hezarkhani, A., & Naqvi, A. R. (2024) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2543 · Cited by 20
Zhao, J., Hu, S., Qi, Z., Xu, X., Long, X., Huang, A., Liu, J., & Cheng, P. (2024) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-009768 · Cited by 19
Palmitic acid and palmitoylation in cancer: Understanding, insights, and challenges
Song, P., Jiang, Q., Wu, X., Bu, L., Xie, W., Wei, W., Xing, X., & Guo, J. (2025) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2025.100918 · Cited by 20
Coe, D., Poobalasingam, T., Fu, H., Bonacina, F., Wang, G., Morales, V., Moregola, A., Mitro, N., Cheung, K. C.-P., Ward, E. J., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.147814 · Cited by 17
Targeting protein kinases benefits cancer immunotherapy
Zhang, Z., Bu, L., Luo, J., & Guo, J. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188738 · Cited by 18
Tim-3 protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation
Li, P., Li, X., Wu, W., Hou, M., Yin, G., Wang, Z., Du, Z., Yuan-fang Ma, A., Lou, Q., & Wei, Y. (2023) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-023-01519-6 · Cited by 17
What role does PDL1 play in EMT changes in tumors and fibrosis?
Zhang, Y.-C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Ya, Z., & He, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226038 · Cited by 18
Immune Escape Mechanism of Cancer
Caner, A. (2023) · Current Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40610-023-00157-2 · Cited by 18
Inflammation in myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis
Rodríguez‐Sevilla, J. J., & Colla, S. (2024) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.09.005 · Cited by 20
Hippo pathway in cancer cells induces NCAM1+αSMA+ fibroblasts to modulate tumor microenvironment
Thinyakul, C., Sakamoto, Y., Shimoda, M., Liu, Y., Thongchot, S., Reda, O., Nita, A., Sakamula, R., Sampattavanich, S., Maeda, A., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07041-4 · Cited by 18
Molecular switch in human diseases-disintegrin and metalloproteinases, ADAM17
Yang, G., Cui, M., Jiang, W., Sheng, J., Yang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203200 · Cited by 17
Xu, J., Chen, G., Xie, Z.-F., & Zhao, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.593022 · Cited by 16
Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?
Bailly, C., Thuru, X., & Quesnel, B. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13246365 · Cited by 16
Novel antigens for targeted radioimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Pourhamzeh, M., Asadian, S., Mirzaei, H., Minaei, A., Shahriari, E., Shpichka, A. I., Es, H. A., Timashev, P. S., Hassan, M., & Vosough, M. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-022-04483-4 · Cited by 16
Liu, X., Liang, S., Sang, X., Chang, L., Fu, S., Yang, H. K., Yang, H., Liu, Y., & Zhang, N. (2022) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.004 · Cited by 16
Updates on the Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Huerga-Domínguez, S., Villar, S., Prósper, F., & Piérola, A. A. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14194756 · Cited by 16
Macrophage infiltration promotes regrowth in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma after chemotherapy
Valind, A., Verhoeven, B. M., Enoksson, J., Karlsson, J., Christensson, G., Mañas, A., Aaltonen, K. E., Jansson, C., Bexell, D., Baryawno, N., et al. (2023) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2023.2184130 · Cited by 16
Aptamers combined with immune checkpoints for cancer detection and targeted therapy: A review
Li, Y., Liu, W., Xu, H., Zhou, Y., Xie, W., Guo, Y., Liao, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, J., & Ren, C. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130032 · Cited by 16
Vaddi, A., Hulsebus, H. J., O’Neill, E. L., Knight, V., & Chan, E. D. (2024) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-23-1395 · Cited by 16
Koumpis, E., Papoudou‐Bai, A., Papathanasiou, K., Kolettas, E., Kanavaros, P., & Hatzimichael, E. C. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46070420 · Cited by 17
Yin, S., Li, C., Shen, X., Yu, G., Cui, L., Wu, Y., He, Y., Yu, S., Chen, J., Lu, S., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202403438 · Cited by 15
Tim-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in sepsis-induced immunosuppression
Luo, J., Zhang, C., Chen, D., Chang, T., Chen, S., Lin, Z., Yi, C., & Tang, Z. (2024) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-024-02203-w · Cited by 17
PD-1 transcriptomic landscape across cancers and implications for immune checkpoint blockade outcome
Chen, H., Kim, N. H., Nishizaki, D., Nesline, M., Conroy, J. M., DePietro, P., Pabla, S., Kato, S., & Kurzrock, R. (2025) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-025-00465-9 · Cited by 16
Immune Checkpoints in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Targetable Pathways for Advanced Therapeutic Purposes
Cocco, C., Morandi, F., & Airoldi, I. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040927 · Cited by 18
Guo, W., Zhang, C., Qiao, T., Zhao, J., & Shi, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.673199 · Cited by 16
Role of Tim-3 in regulating tumorigenesis, inflammation, and antitumor immunity therapy
Cao, Y., Li, Q., Liu, H., He, X., Huang, F., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Cancer Biomarkers · doi:10.3233/cbm-210114 · Cited by 15
Li, X., Yu, Z., & Li, S. (2021) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109958 · Cited by 16
Li, H., Wang, G., Wang, W., Pan, J., Zhou, H., Han, X., Su, L., Ma, Z., Hou, L., & Xue, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.698278 · Cited by 16
Shariati, S., Ghods, A., Zohouri, M., Rasolmali, R., Talei, A., Mehdipour, F., & Ghaderi, A. A. (2020) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.002 · Cited by 16
Targeting novel inhibitory receptors in cancer immunotherapy
Ding, Q., Chauvin, J.-M., & Zarour, H. M. (2020) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2020.101436 · Cited by 16
Vatsavai, N., Bhinder, S. K., Shaik, R., Mahira, S., Kapoor, S. S., Ali, M. S., Verma, D., Singh, J., Gari, S. B. V., Upadhyay, P., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1602529 · Cited by 17
Liu, D., Xiao, H., Xiang, Y., Zhong, D., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.108163 · Cited by 16
Wang, Z., Tian, Z., Song, X., & Zhang, J. (2022) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-021-00475-z · Cited by 15
Mishra, M., Yadav, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., & Sen, P. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05848-3 · Cited by 16
Tang, L., Shao, H., Wu, Y., Wang, J., Qian, X., He, L., Huang, H., & Xu, Z. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110807 · Cited by 14
Witzleben, A. V., Ellis, M. J., Thomas, G. J., Hoffmann, T. K., Jackson, R., Laban, S. A., & Ottensmeier, C. H. H. (2023) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0445 · Cited by 14
A molecular signature for IL-10–producing Th1 cells in protozoan parasitic diseases
Edwards, C. L., Engel, J. A., Rivera, F. D. L., Corvino, D., Ang, G., de, M. M., Frame, T. C. M., Bunn, P., Chauhan, S. B., Singh, S., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.169362 · Cited by 16
Yaylım, İ., Aru, M., Farooqı, A. A., Hakan, M. T., Buttari, B., Arese, M., & Saso, L. (2024) · Cancer Drug Resistance · doi:10.20517/cdr.2023.79 · Cited by 15
Galectin 7 leads to a relative reduction in CD4+ T cells, mediated by PD-1
Wu, G., Deng, W., Chen, H., Cho, H.-J., & Kim, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57162-3 · Cited by 15
Hoshi, R., Gorospe, K. A., Labouta, H. I., Azad, T., Lee, W. L., & Thu, K. L. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16091181 · Cited by 16
Revolutionizing cancer treatment: the rise of personalized immunotherapies
Fayyaz, A., Haqqi, A., Khan, R., Irfan, M., Khan, K., Reiner, Ž., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Călina, D. C. (2024) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-024-01638-1 · Cited by 18
Mao, C., Zhuang, S.-M., Xia, Z., Xiao, Z.-W., Huang, C.-X., Su, Q., Chen, J., & Liao, J. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.5ma1221-468r · Cited by 15
The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma—How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?
da Silva, L. H. R., Catharino, L. C. C., da Silva, V. J., Evangelista, G. C. M., & Barbuto, J. A. M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020400 · Cited by 16
Sun, Y., Zhou, J. H. S., & Jiang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.842831 · Cited by 16
Sun, F., Gao, X., Wang, W., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599908 · Cited by 18
TIM3-blockade synergizes with IL2 in alleviating intra-tumoral CD8+T cell exhaustion
Zhang, X., Gao, Y., Liao, H., Wang, W., Yang, Z., Cao, W., Li, G., Wen, J., Han, G., & Fu, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60463-4 · Cited by 15
miR-4759 suppresses breast cancer through immune checkpoint blockade
Lin, Y.-Z., Liu, S., Wu, W., Shen, Y.-C., Wang, Y., Liao, C.-C., Lin, P., Chang, H., Liu, L., Cheng, W., et al. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.020 · Cited by 15
An Emerging Role of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Chronic Kidney Inflammation
Lu, C., Chen, H., Wang, C., Yang, F., Li, J., Liu, H., & Chen, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.798683 · Cited by 14
Zheng, G., Liu, M., Chang, X., Cao, X., Dong, A., Zhu, H., Hu, W., Xie, J., Zhao, Y., Hu, D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.888173 · Cited by 14
Tamura, T., Cheng, C., Chen, W., Merriam, L. T., Athar, H., Kim, Y., Manandhar, R., Sheikh, M. D. A., Pinilla-Vera, M., Varon, J., et al. (2023) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.003 · Cited by 14
New insights into T-cell exhaustion in liver cancer: from mechanism to therapy
Hao, L., Li, S., & Hu, X. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-023-05083-5 · Cited by 15
Tang, S., Wu, Z., Chen, L., She, L., Zuo, W., Luo, W., Zhang, Y., Liang, S., Liu, G., He, B., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258344 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolf, Y., Anderson, A. C., & Kuchroo, V. K.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kuchroo, Vijay K.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2019-11-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 173-185
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC7327798
- OpenAlex
- W2985205513
- Cited by
- 959
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 44
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA187975)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI073748, P01AI056299, P01AI039671)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS045937)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Keywords
- TIM-3, inhibitory receptors, co-inhibitory receptors, immune checkpoint, T cell exhaustion, loss-of-function mutations, antitumor immunity, chronic viral infection, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Signal Transduction, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
