Subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade
Open accessAbstract
T cell dysfunction is a hallmark of many cancers, but the basis for T cell dysfunction and the mechanisms by which antibody blockade of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 (anti-PD-1) reinvigorates T cells are not fully understood. Here we show that such therapy acts on a specific subpopulation of exhausted CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Dysfunctional CD8+ TILs possess canonical epigenetic and transcriptional features of exhaustion that mirror those seen in chronic viral infection. Exhausted CD8+ TILs include a subpopulation of 'progenitor exhausted' cells that retain polyfunctionality, persist long term and differentiate into 'terminally exhausted' TILs. Consequently, progenitor exhausted CD8+ TILs are better able to control tumor growth than are terminally exhausted T cells. Progenitor exhausted TILs can respond to anti-PD-1 therapy, but terminally exhausted TILs cannot. Patients with melanoma who have a higher percentage of progenitor exhausted cells experience a longer duration of response to checkpoint-blockade therapy. Thus, approaches to expand the population of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells might be an important component of improving the response to checkpoint blockade.
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Terminal Tex (Ttex) cells accumulate over time and respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
“Conversely, terminal Tex (Ttex) cells accumulate over time and respond poorly to ICB therapies8,11–13.”
From Proteotoxic stress response drives T cell exhaustion and immune evasion (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Miller, B. C., Sen, D. R., Al Abosy, R., Bi, K., Virkud, Y. V., LaFleur, M. W., Yates, K. B., Lako, A., Felt, K., Naik, G. S., Manos, M., Gjini, E., Kuchroo, J. R., Ishizuka, J. J., Collier, J. L., Griffin, G. K., Maleri, S., Comstock, D. E., Weiss, S. A., Brown, F. D., Panda, A., Zimmer, M. D., Manguso, R. T., Hodi, F. S., Rodig, S. J., Sharpe, A. H., & Haining, W. N.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haining, W. Nicholas
- ORCID
- Miller, Brian C.
- Sen, Debattama R.
- Al Abosy, Rose
- Bi, Kevin
- Virkud, Yamini V.
- LaFleur, Martin W.
- Yates, Kathleen B.
- Lako, Ana
- Felt, Kristen
- Naik, Girish S.
- Manos, Michael
- Gjini, Evisa
- Kuchroo, Juhi R.
- Ishizuka, Jeffrey J.
- Collier, Jenna L.
- Griffin, Gabriel K.
- Comstock, Dawn E.
- Weiss, Sarah A.
- Zimmer, Margaret D.
- Manguso, Robert T.
- Hodi, F. Stephen
- Rodig, Scott J.
- Sharpe, Arlene H.
- Haining, W. Nicholas
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2019-02-18
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 326-336
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC6673650
- OpenAlex
- W2913558101
- Cited by
- 2,087
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 319 · 2025: 334 · 2024: 358 · 2023: 300 · 2022: 276 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 176 · 2019: 55
- FWCI
- 81.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-10-03)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR002542)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007627)
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA207021, T32CA009172)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007753)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI115712, K23AI130408, U19AI133524, P01AI056299)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- T cell exhaustion, CD8+ T cells, PD-1, anti-PD-1 therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, melanoma, T cell polyfunctionality, chronic viral infection, tumor control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Humans, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Melanoma, Experimental, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Lymphocyte Subsets, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Blocking, Mice, Congenic, Cell Line, Tumor, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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