Let’s talk about lipid nanoparticles
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bioPROTACs would most likely be delivered as mRNA or DNA constructs via a viral vector gene delivery system or in a nanoparticle.
“Indeed, bioPROTACs would most likely be delivered as mRNA or DNA constructs via a viral vector gene delivery system204–206 or in a nanoparticle207–209.”
From PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue (2022) · cites this paper as [209]
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PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue
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“10,217 Ensuring regulatory compliance for LNPs is paramount to guarantee their safety and effectiveness in therapeutic applications.”
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The Internal Nanostructure of Lipid Nanoparticles Influences Their Diverse Cellular Uptake Pathways
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“Due to their small, spherical size, these nanoparticles can deliver drugs into cells via endocytosis and release the cargo into the cytoplasm [25].”
BackgroundTaylor Dispersion Analysis to support lipid-nanoparticle formulations for mRNA vaccines
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“To improve the LNPs stability, biodistribution and tolerability, other components could be added such as cholesterol, phospholipids and PEGylated [111,113,114].”
BackgroundMicrofluidic Technology for the Production of Hybrid Nanomedicines
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“…efficiency and reduced side effects following systemic administration, which resulted in their extensive use as delivery systems for diverse therapeutic applications ( ‘ Let's talk about lipid nanoparticles ’ , 2021; Tenchov et al., 2021), including to the vasculature (Flores et al., 2019).”
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“(10) using the tabulated formula [see expression 22.95 in Ditkin and Prudnikov (1965)].”
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“Lipid NPs (LNPs) are typically composed of ionizable lipids, allowing for the nanocarrier to assume a positive charge at low pH to facilitate RNA complexation, and a neutral charge at physiological pH to reduce toxicity arising from cationic charges [207].”
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“4,5 Numerous RNA delivery systems have been developed over the years, 6–8 among which the lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) platform stands out as a gold standard.”
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An overview on recent patents and technologies on nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery
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“LNPs are sub-micron-sized particles that consist of various types of lipids, including ionizable cationic lipids, along with encapsulated nucleic acid cargo [18,78].”
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“Further, negatively charged nucleic acids are electrostatically repelled by the negatively charged cell membrane, which is of particular concern for large nucleic acids, such as DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) [3,4].”
BackgroundmRNA Vaccination: An Outlook on Innate Sensing and Adaptive Immune Responses
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“Due to their size and surface charge characteristics, cells internalize LNPs through endocytosis, and lipid ionizations under low-pH Viruses 2024 , 16 , 1404 3 of 14 conditions facilitate their escape from endosomes, thereby enabling release of the cargo into the cytoplasm [32].”
BackgroundEngineered Nanoparticulate Vaccines to Combat Recurring and Pandemic Influenza Threats
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Lipid membrane-based therapeutics and diagnostics
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“Ideally, they are less than 100 nm and have a close to neutral surface charge in order to allow traf fi cking to lymphoid tissue and be taken up by the necessary cells (No Authors Listed, 2021).”
BackgroundLiver fibrosis pathologies and potentials of RNA based therapeutics modalities
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Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis
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“126,127 There is an excellent platform of LNPs, starting from: liposomes, liposomes encapsulating hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, antibody functionalized liposomes, sterically stabilized, and PEG functionalized liposomes.”
Nanotechnology in microbial food safety
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Lipid nanoparticle mediated mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy
Asthana, G. S., Bhattacharjee, S., Kumar, J., Sayyed, S., Jindal, A., Kumar, P., Chinchane, A., Bhattacharyya, A., Jaiswal, R., Kulkarni, S., et al. (2025) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2025.02.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tiwari, A., Gulbake, A. S., & Kumar, P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91201-3.00010-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Increasing the success potential of promising biotech companies
Marrus, S. K., & Blaho, J. A. (2023) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01627-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Emerging Trends on Nanovaccine Administration and Functionalization Strategies for Immunization
Dewangan, H. K., Shah, K., Sharma, R. K., Sharma, S., Kumar, A., Khan, M. I., Alghamdi, A. A., & Abbas, M. A. E. (2024) · Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry · doi:10.1142/s2737416524500066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Curative potential of EGCG based nanoforms in wound infection and wound healing
Sinha, S., Pant, K., Mishra, A., & Anand, J. (2024) · International Journal of Polymeric Materials · doi:10.1080/00914037.2024.2398550 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Thus, the conjugate of EGCG-solid lipid nanoparticles could serve as a chemotherapeutic agent [36] .”
Nanomedicines for Brain Diseases: Where we are and where we are Going
Tosi, G., Duskey, J. T., Vandelli, M. A., et al. (2021) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde-2021-0051 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Roffo, F., Orlandella, F. M., Luciano, N., Salvatore, G., & Torino, E. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13020209 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The nanomedicine community conducts fundamental and technical research on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to investigate and optimize their synthetic and biological identity, allowing for the development of promising therapies at a remarkable speed [1,2].”
Hameed, H., Sarwar, H. S., Younas, K., Zaman, M., Jamshaid, M., Irfan, A., Khalid, M., & Sohail, M. F. (2024) · Functional & Integrative Genomics · doi:10.1007/s10142-024-01459-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The liver produces the majority of the transthyretin protein, which is present in serum and cerebral fluid (Mater 2021).”
Progress and Prospects for Non‐Viral Gene Therapy
Tiwari, S. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781394175635.ch5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tang, W., Li, Y., Marsh, D. J., Ariotti, N., Cheng, Y. Y., Langford, S. J., & Liao, J. (2024) · Nano Research · doi:10.26599/nr.2025.94907356 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nanomaterials Coatings for Aerospace and Defense Applications: Current Prospects and Future Trends
Kumar, S., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Advanced structured materials · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92723-2_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gene modification: Exploring the potential in treating kidney diseases
Ekperikpe, U. S., Zhao, S., & Daehn, I. S. (2026) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108104 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sakhaei, Z., Daryaee, R., Moosavi, A. A., Carrasco-Marı́n, F., Betancur, S., Bailón‐García, E., Pérez-Cadenas, A. F., & Riazi, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15397-6.00013-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Materials
- Published
- 2021-02-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-99
- ISSN
- 2058-8437 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4253670085
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 22
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Materials (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- lipid nanoparticles, mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 pandemic, small molecule delivery, nanomedicine, vaccine delivery vehicles
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