Cited by 440Gut microbiota and healthOral microbiology and periodontitis researchMicrobial Community Ecology and Physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 229 of the 229 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome

Open access

Fishbein, Skye R. S., Mahmud, Bejan, Dantas, Gautam·2023·Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41579-023-00933-yPMC PMC12087466

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with numerous infectious and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, as the gut microbiome is a complex ecological network of microorganisms, the effects of antibiotics can be highly variable. With the advent of multi-omic approaches for systems-level profiling of microbial communities, we are beginning to identify microbiome-intrinsic and microbiome-extrinsic factors that affect microbiome dynamics during antibiotic exposure and subsequent recovery. In this Review, we discuss factors that influence restructuring of the gut microbiome on antibiotic exposure. We present an overview of the currently complex picture of treatment-induced changes to the microbial community and highlight essential considerations for future investigations of antibiotic-specific outcomes. Finally, we provide a synopsis of available strategies to minimize antibiotic-induced damage or to restore the pretreatment architectures of the gut microbial community.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41579-023-00933-y

Cites

229 of 229 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
Murray, C. J. L., Ikuta, K. S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Robles Aguilar, G., Gray, A., Han, C., Bisignano, C., Rao, P., Wool, E., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02724-0 · Cited by 16,316
Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis
Fukui, H., & Wiest, R. (2016) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/000444436 · Cited by 6,820
Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019
(U.S.), C. F. D. C. A. P. (2019) · doi:10.15620/cdc:82532 · Cited by 5,782
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104816 · Cited by 5,277 · cited 1×
“From birth, the gut microbiome works in cohesion with the gut epithelium and surrounding organs to digest and transform nutrients, provide colonization resistance against pathogens and regulate the immune system 2–4 .”
Background
Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015
Klein, E. Y., Van Boeckel, T. P., Martinez, E. M., Pant, S., Gandra, S., Levin, S. A., Goossens, H., & Laxminarayan, R. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1717295115 · Cited by 3,232
CARD 2020: Antibiotic Resistome Surveillance with the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database
Alcock, B. P., Raphenya, A. R., Lau, T. T. Y., Tsang, K. K., Bouchard, M., Edalatmand, A., Huynh, W., Nguyen, A.-L. V., Cheng, A. A., Liu, S., et al. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz935 · Cited by 3,202
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases
Lloyd-Price, J., Arze, C., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Schirmer, M., Avila-Pacheco, J., Poon, T. W., Andrews, E., Ajami, N. J., Bonham, K. S., Brislawn, C. J., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1237-9 · Cited by 3,143
Current understanding of the human microbiome
Gilbert, J. A., Blaser, M. J., Caporaso, J. G., Jansson, J. K., Lynch, S. V., & Knight, R. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4517 · Cited by 2,609
The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing
Dethlefsen, L., Huse, S., Sogin, M. L., & Relman, D. A. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060280 · Cited by 2,361 · cited 1×
“Foundational studies in healthy adult humans have commonly demonstrated the acute decline in alpha diversity 31 (in the first couple of days of treatment) and the incomplete recovery of the microbiome up to 6 months after treatment (often measured by beta diversity between baseline and…”
Background
Shotgun metagenomics, from sampling to analysis
Quince, C., Walker, A. W., Simpson, J. T., Loman, N. J., & Segata, N. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3935 · Cited by 2,202

Show all 229 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 440

Spatial analysis of murine microbiota and bile acid metabolism during amoxicillin treatment
Beekman, C. N., Penumutchu, S., Peterson, R., Han, G., Belenky, M., Hasan, M., Belenky, A., Beura, L. K., & Belenky, P. A. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114572 · Cited by 4
Topical metronidazole after haemorrhoidectomy to reduce postoperative pain: a systematic review
Eberspacher, C., Mascagni, D., Pontone, S., Arcieri, F. L., & Arcieri, S. (2024) · Updates in Surgery · doi:10.1007/s13304-024-01930-3 · Cited by 5
“Another argument against its use is its potential negative impact on gut microbiota [27, 28].”
Background
A human model of Buruli ulcer: Provisional protocol for a Mycobacterium ulcerans controlled human infection study.
Muhi, S., Marshall, J. L., O'Brien, D. P., Johnson, P. D. R., Ross, G., Ramakrishnan, A., Mackay, L. K., Doerflinger, M., McCarthy, J. S., Jamrozik, E., et al. (2024) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22719.1 · Cited by 4
Bile’s Hidden Weapon: Modulating the Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment
Saadh, M. J., Ahmed, H. H., Al-Hussainy, A. F., Kaur, I., Kumar, A., Chahar, M., Saini, S., Taher, W. M., Alwan, M., Jawad, M. J., et al. (2024) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-024-04004-0 · Cited by 4
Modulation of Charge‐Ordered Carriers Within 3D Fe 3 S 4 Polyurethane Foam (Fe 3 S 4 ‐PUF) for Efficient Iron Redox Cycling and Continuous‐Flow Photocatalytic Antibiotics Degradation
Shangguan, Y., Wang, R., Tang, H., Deng, S., Hu, Q., Liang, J., Zhou, H., Chen, X., & Chen, H. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202411116 · Cited by 4
Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis PB200 Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Flora Disturbance in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Injury
Wang, G. Q., Gong, H., Zou, Y., Zhang, H., & Mao, X. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17101610 · Cited by 4
Harmonizing the Gut Microbiome and Cellular Immunotherapies: The Next Leap in Cancer Treatment
Harrington, K., & Shah, K. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14100708 · Cited by 4
Lactobacillus GG and other probiotics in pediatric food allergy treatment: a network meta-analysis
Xiaohua, L., Yiting, D., Li, Q., Yang, Z., Shumao, W., Li, P., Yi, P., Lingmei, C., Wenge, L., & Maoxia, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1565436 · Cited by 4
Streptococcus salivarius and Ligilactobacillus salivarius: Paragons of Probiotic Potential and Reservoirs of Novel Antimicrobials
Williams, M. D., & Smith, L. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13030555 · Cited by 3
“While several aspects of the microbiota and brain relationship still require investigation, there is sufficient evidence supporting this basic dynamic and the severe effects that antibiotics might impose on it [21–23].”
The effect of the administration form of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiome in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers - DFIATIM trial
Mekadim, C., Mrázek, J., Fliegerova, K. O., Sechovcová, H., Mahayri, T. M., Jarošíková, R., Husáková, J., Wosková, V., Tůma, P., Polak, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-025-04041-0 · Cited by 4
“Though the use of antibiotics is crucial for the treat-ment of DFIs, it may lead to various effects on the gut microbiome which is the community of microorganisms located in the gut that play an essential role in host health [17].”
Antibiotic effects on the gut microbiome across diverse geographies
Jaya, L. E., & Brito, I. (2025) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2025.07.003 · Cited by 4
T‐2 Toxin Exploits Gut‐Derived Staphylococcus Saprophyticus to Disrupt Hepatic Macrophage Homeostasis
Zhu, Y., Liu, X., Guo, F., Qu, J., Liu, X., Xu, Q., Sheng, J., Wang, J., Xie, X., Ren, R., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202512828 · Cited by 3
Occurrence and Distribution of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Water and Sediments of Reservoir-Based Drinking Water Sources in Henan, China
Yuan, W., Shang, Y., Bai, M., Sun, M., Su, Z., Yang, X., Riaz, L., Guo, Y., & Lu, J. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13122828 · Cited by 3
“Ligilactobacillus exhibits resistance to several antibiotics due to its distinctive cell wall composition [62].”
Food-residue-level antibiotics promote mucosal colonization of foodborne antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a simulated human gut
Yan, Z., Zhang, X., Shum, T., Xie, J., Chiou, J. A., Yu, J. Q., & Li, X. D. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2599517 · Cited by 5
“58 These alterations likely result from disruption of keystone species, which play central roles in maintaining microbial interactions 58 or from effects on specific targeted taxa, 59 ultimately reshaping community architecture.”
Integrated multi-omics profiling of gut microbiome and metabolome in ulcerative colitis insights from the Iranian population
Mousavi, S. M., Ardakani‬, M. R., Galehdari, H., & Dorostghoal, M. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114721 · Cited by 3
The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health
Li, S., Zhao, C., Ren, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, W., Zhang, Q., Ma, M., Zhao, G., Chen, F., (281351), H. L., et al. (2026) · The Innovation Life · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100208 · Cited by 4
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Insomnia: Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies
Yang, M., Chen, Q., Meng, Z., Gu, X., & Bai, C. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16040583 · Cited by 3
“Antibiotics are among the most important disruptors of the GM, and their use can markedly alter microbial composition, diversity, and metabolic capacity, leading to dysbiosis as well as disturbances in immune and neurochemical signaling [141,142].”
Effect of the intestinal microbiota on TH17 cell-derived cytokines in the context of intestinal inflammation
Neuendorff, J., Huber, S., & Pelczar, P. (2026) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-026-01070-3 · Cited by 3
The role of the gut microbiota in radiation enteritis: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic applications
Tao, M., LIU, Y. F., Guo, H., Gao, S., Wang, Y., Yan, X., & Zhu, Y. (2026) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10263-3 · Cited by 4
“In addition, short-term symptomatic bene ﬁ ts must be rig-orously weighed against the risk of long-term dysbiosis caused by antibiotics 175 .”
Temporal variations of the gut microbiome in human health
Zeng, S., Almeida, A., Mu, D., & Wang, S. (2026) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101388 · Cited by 4
Gut microbiota in health and disease
Li, Y. N., Xiao, X., Jiang, X., Li, X., WANG, W., & Lin, R. (2026) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-026-00512-6 · Cited by 6
“Anti-biotics can markedly reshape community composition [105, 112, 113], and early-life exposure to macrolides has been linked to long-lasting reductions in microbial diversity [114].”
AI-assisted design of next-generation antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Zheng, Y., Jin, F., Chang, Q., Yu, J., Zheng, Y., & Li, Y. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109092 · Cited by 3
Metagenome-Based Analysis of the Microbial Community Structure and Drug-Resistance Characteristics of Livestock Feces in Anhui Province, China
Shao, Y., Zhao, Q., Sang, J., Yu, Z., Li, M., Wang, Z., Tu, J., Song, X., & Qi, K. (2024) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci11020087 · Cited by 3
“However, there were no obvious differences in virulence factors among the different bacterial species.”
Background
Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on initial colonization of intestinal microbiota in Bufo gargarizans at embryonic stages
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., & Wang, H. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142587 · Cited by 3
The Combination of Exercise and Konjac Glucomannan More Effectively Prevents Antibiotics-Induced Dysbiosis in Mice Compared with Singular Intervention
Wang, M., Chen, Y., Song, A.-X., Weng, X., Meng, Y., Lin, J. E., & Mao, Y.-H. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16172942 · Cited by 3
“…use of antibiotics can also lead to other health issues [2], such as triggering allergic reactions and toxic responses [3], as well as negatively impacting the gut microbiome, leading to gut microbiome dysbiosis [4] and causing gastrointestinal symptoms and other systemic diseases [5].”
Background
Potential of lavender essential oil to inhibit tetracycline resistance and modulate gut microbiota in black soldier fly larvae
Wei, H., Jiang, J., Zhao, Y., Luo, X., Mo, Y., Zheng, D., & Wang, D. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137345 · Cited by 3
Advancements in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Implications of Intestinal Bacteria
Lu, D., Ma, X., Tao, K., & Lei, H. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47020106 · Cited by 3
“Antibiotic treatment typically disrupts bacteria like Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes , and Actinobacteria , which are critical for gut health [44].”
Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experimental Validation Reveal the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Lotus Leaf Extract in Treating Inflammatory Diarrhea in Pigs
Zheng, Y., Zheng, J., Wang, J., Li, J., Liu, J., Zheng, B., Zhao, L., Huang, X., & Lin, Z. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47050314 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, antibiotic over-use can lead to environmental contamination and residues in other animals [23,24].”
Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 in Preventing Antibiotic‐Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Zhu, J., Sun, Y., Dong, Y., Zhao, Y., Gai, Z., & Fang, S. (2025) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.70490 · Cited by 3
“Among broad-spectrum antibiotics, amoxicillin is notably associated with gastrointestinal disturbances due to its extensive impact on commensal gut flora, underscoring the clinical need for effective preventive strategies (Fishbein et al. 2023; Lathakumari et al. 2024).”
Absence of gut microbiota restoration following meropenem treatment in a systemic infection model
Ribeiro, F. M., Ribeiro, C. F. A., Cândido, E. D. S., Buccini, D. F., Cardoso, M. H. E. S., Silveira, G. G. D. O. S., de Souza, C. M., Silva, O. N., de Andrade, G. B., da Silva, A. R., et al. (2025) · npj Antimicrobials and Resistance · doi:10.1038/s44259-025-00129-9 · Cited by 4
“Although the recovery of the gut microbiota following antibiotic use is well-documented 18,25,49 , prior studies have not established a systemic infection to observe the subsequent recovery of the microbiota post-treatment.”
Role and Relation of Microbiome to Address Antimicrobial Resistance
Bhattacharya, C., Dinc, M. T., Basu, S., Chaudhuri, R., Fu, C., Cervantes, G., Adhikari, U. D., Panja, R., Qiu, J., Aditya, A., et al. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65986-7_6 · Cited by 3
Dietary resistant starch protects against post-antibiotic intestinal damage by restoring microbial homeostasis and preserving intestinal barrier function in meat duck
Qin, S., Zhu, Y., Tian, G., Jensen, M. B., Zhang, K., Ding, X., Bai, S., Wang, J., Xuan, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2025) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.105213 · Cited by 3
Evaluating Bacteriophage Impact on Vibrio Composition in the Gut of Broad‐Nosed Pipefish ( Syngnathus typhle )
Parker, J., Marten, S., Rajkov, J., Theising, F. I., Dubin, A., & Roth, O. (2025) · Environmental Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1111/1758-2229.70125 · Cited by 3
Impact of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma Treated with Chemoimmunotherapy
Vitiello, F., Vivaldi, C., Rimini, M., Prinzi, F. L., Rizzato, M. D., Saborowski, A. L., Antonuzzo, L., Rossari, F., Satake, T., Peeters, F., et al. (2025) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000546856 · Cited by 3
“Since antibiotics are known to modify the microbiome [12], they could potentially influence the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing treatment with ICIs.”
Influence of perinatal ampicillin exposure on maternal fecal microbial and metabolic profilesPreprint
Zuffa, S., Thomas, S. P., Mohanty, I., Abiead, Y. E., Deleray, V., Kvitne, K. E., Kousha, A., Suzuki, E., Tsai, C., Nguyen, G., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.30.662372 · Cited by 3
The small intestinal microbiome: vibing with intestinal stem cells
Poplaski, V. B., Sawyer, F. M., & Blutt, S. E. (2023) · Microbiota and Host · doi:10.1530/mah-23-0012 · Cited by 2
“…al. 2020) and sugars (Di Rienzi & Britton 2020), prebiotic (Bedu-Ferrari et al. 2022), probiotic (Hemarajata & Versalovic 2013) and antibiotic use (Fishbein et al. 2023), stress (Segerberg-Konttinen 1988), physical activity (Holzhausen et al. 2022), sleep (Klimashina et al. 1989), aging (Badal et…”
Background
Effects of capsaicin on intestinal health under antibiotic exposure
Fang, Q., Yu, L., Tian, F., Chen, W., & Zhai, Q. (2024) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2024.9250311 · Cited by 2
CRAmed: a conditional randomization test for high-dimensional mediation analysis in sparse microbiome data
Liu, T., Xu, X., Wang, T., & Xu, P. (2025) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf038 · Cited by 3
“Numerous studies have highlighted the significant impact of antibiotics on the composition of gut microbiota (Cho et al. 2012, Fishbein et al. 2023).”
An Engineered Prodrug Selectively Suppresses β-Lactam-Resistant Bacteria in a Mixed Microbial Setting
Duda, A. M., Ma, H. R., Villalobos, C. A., Kuhn, S. A., Angle, S. S., He, K., Jackson, A. C., Suh, C. M., Puccio, E. A., Anderson, D. J., et al. (2025) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00179 · Cited by 2
Research on the correlation between gut microbiota and brain cognitive function under chronic hypoxia at high altitude
Zeng, F., Li, H., Ma, Y., & Ma, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1600069 · Cited by 5
“Similarly, the CA group also exhibited prolonged escape latency compared to the NC group, suggesting that gut microbiota depletion via antibiotic treatment alone can impair cognitive function (Fishbein et al., 2023).”
The Gut Microbial Adaptation of Wild Goitered Gazelles Under Antibiotic Pressure in the Qaidam Basin
Zhao, Q., Wang, Y., Ma, J., & Qin, W. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13081842 · Cited by 2
“These responses often manifest as shifts in the abundance of specific microbial taxa [50].”
Study on the Plateau Adaptive Synergistic Mechanism of Rumen Microbiome-Metabolome-Resistome in Tibetan Sheep
Gao, X., Chen, Q., Sha, Y., He, Y., Liu, X., Chen, X., Shao, P., Huang, W., He, Y., Li, M., et al. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13092049 · Cited by 3
“This underscores the importance of strategies to protect the balance of the microecosystem [64].”
Exopolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium longum supsp. Infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis protect gut epithelial cells from antibiotic- induced disruption but do not affect epithelial responses to Escherichia Coli
Boven, L. G., de Vos, P., Lagos, L. A. S., Oerlemans, M. M. P., Ferrari, M. D. L., Walvoort, M. T. C., & Akkerman, R. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.107035 · Cited by 2
Bacterial Infections and Their Cell Wall Ligands Differentially Modulate Doxorubicin Sensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Rad, S. K., Li, R., Yeo, K. K. L., Wu, F., Tomita, Y., Price, T. J., Ingman, W. V., Townsend, A. R., & Smith, E. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13102317 · Cited by 2
“While antibiotics remain the standard approach to bacterial elimination, broad-spectrum regimens can disrupt commensal microbiota and influence systemic therapy responses [38].”
Amoxicillin effects on pollutant removal, cyanophycin synthesis, and the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the algal-bacterial biofilm
Wen, M., Deng, C., Lei, J., Yang, X., Li, J., Al-Dhabi, N. A., Wen, S., Tang, W., Feng, B., & Zhang, P. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140363 · Cited by 2
Quercetin hybrid-hydrogel microparticles modulate gut microbiota and improve memory in an antibiotic-induced dysbiosis rat model
Parappilly, S. J., Vasu, D. A., Krishnan, K. A. A., Balan, Y. M., Mohan, M. C., Pradeep, M., Deepti, A., Aneesa, P. A., Krishnakumar, I. M., & Chakrapani, P. S. B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-26608-7 · Cited by 3
Self‐Propelled Janus Micromotors with Cascade Microenvironments‐Responsiveness for Hydrogen‐Actuated Whole‐Stage Symptomatic Therapy of Helicobacter Pylori ‐Associated Gastritis
Li, M., Chen, S., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Dong, Y., Fu, J., Lin, Y., Liu, X., Hou, J., & Zhou, S. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202522683 · Cited by 3
The interaction between polyethylene microplastics and ciprofloxacin on inducing hepatotoxicity in Carassius auratus via the gut-liver axis
Zhang, P., Lu, G., Zhang, L., Yan, Z., & Wang, M. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127579 · Cited by 3
Effects of Florfenicol on Intestinal Structure, Microbial Community and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Penaeus vannamei
Wang, G., Shi, X., Yan, Y., Xie, J., Zhang, D., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14010204 · Cited by 2
“The resulting decline in microbial diversity creates ecological niches that can be exploited by opportunistic pathogens, which often carry transferable ARGs or possess adaptive traits such as spore formation, enabling them to survive and proliferate under antibiotic pressure [62].”
Culturing microbiome therapeutics with big data
(2026) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03036-0 · Cited by 2
Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates antibiotic- and LPS-induced oxidative stress via the p38α MAPK–Nrf2 signaling axis
Ye, W.-Y., Feng, C.-X., Su, S.-Q., Wei, S., Mao, Y., Chen, Z., Su, Y., & Shan, Q.-W. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1753421 · Cited by 2
“Accumulating evidence has established a strong association between oxidative stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction, with tight junction proteins being particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury (Yu et al., 2022; Hao et al., 2021; Fishbein et al., 2023).”
Nanomaterials as electrochemical regulators of bacterial biofilms through the modulation of extracellular electron transport and ion channels
Fang, K., Jing, G., Hu, C., Li, Y., & Wang, L. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04152-4 · Cited by 2
Targeting the Gut Microbiota with Pro- and Postbiotics: Emerging Strategies against Alopecia
Singh, V. B., Hussain, M. S., Das, J., Chellappan, D. K., Chaudhary, P., Sridhar, S. B., Panigrahy, U. P., Ramzan, M., Mondal, M., & Ashique, S. (2026) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-026-10918-x · Cited by 2
Risk of chronic low-dose pesticide cocktail exposure: Increased inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility through microbiota-mediated immune dysregulation
Ma, X., Xiong, Y., Wei, Y., Lv, S., Fang, Y., Liu, X., Liu, D., & Wang, P. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141562 · Cited by 2
pH-responsive selenium nanoplatform for targeted drug release and immune remodeling in microbiota-associated colorectal cancer
Ma, H., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Liu, J., Sun, H., Ge, S., Liu, B., & Quan, C. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04229-0 · Cited by 2
“…therapy provides a direct approach to modulate tumor-associated microbiota [9], prolonged or broad-spectrum administration may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance and disturb the balance of the commensal microbiome, which could result in systemic adverse effects [10–12].”
Lactobacillus reuteri SKLAN202402ZF inhibited by early-life lincomycin exposure alleviate intestinal damage and inflammation sensitivity
Zhang, S., Tang, S., Han, H. L., Xu, Y., Liu, D., Wang, H., Zhong, R., Chen, L., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-025-02327-z · Cited by 2
“The detrimental effects of antibiotics are increasingly attributed to their disruption of the commensal gut microbiota [7], a complex ecosystem essential for host health [6].”
Emerging synthetic biology-assisted technologies for overcoming antibiotic resistance: CRISPR-Cas, bacteriophage, microbiome, and metabolic engineering-based solutions
Oh, Y., Lee, H., & Jang, S. (2026) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.71150/jm.2512002 · Cited by 2
“Conventional antibiotics disrupt this ecosystem by eliminating both pathogens and beneficial commensals, increasing dysbiosis, resistant overgrowth, and horizontal gene transfer (Fishbein et al., 2023; Robinson and Young, 2010).”
Akkermansia muciniphila-derived 5-MIAA blunts colitis-associated tumorigenesis by modulating colonic SLC26A3/pSTAT3 signaling
Shen, B., Liu, H., Huang, W., Huang, R., Zhou, Q., Lin, X., Song, M., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-026-01000-z · Cited by 2
Association Between Antibiotic and Outcomes of Chemoimmunotherapy for Extensive‐Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 132 Patients
Deng, F., Ye, H., Zhang, P., Xu, J., Li, Y., Sun, M., & Yang, Z. (2024) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.15492 · Cited by 2
“The utilization of antibiotics has been shown to elicit significant alterations in gut microbiota structure, species composition, and metabolic capacity, consequently affecting the efficacy of ICIs in cancer patients [8, 9, 32, 33].”
Impact of Prebiotic and Probiotic Diets on Gut Bacterial Microbiota and Susceptibility to Edwardsiella ictaluri Challenge in Oxytetracycline‐Treated Channel Catfish
Older, C. E., Richardson, B. M., Griffin, M. J., Reifers, J. G., Goodman, P. M., Ware, C. C., Gatlin, D. M., Wise, D. J., & Yamamoto, F. Y. (2024) · Journal of Fish Diseases · doi:10.1111/jfd.14066 · Cited by 2
Synbiotic Supplementation Mitigates Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea by Enhancing Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Barrier Function in a Canine Model
Shen, H., Zhao, Y. V., Zhang, S., Xu, J. M., Tong, J., Yao, H., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10584-5 · Cited by 5
Sex hormones and diets rich in polyunsaturated ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids modify microbiota distinctly in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Ordóñez‐Gutiérrez, L., & Wandosell, F. G. (2025) · Gut Microbiome · doi:10.1017/gmb.2025.10005 · Cited by 2
“…in the GM were proposed to modulate amyloid deposition in an AD mouse model (Minter et al., 2016), and an association between brain amyloidosis and pro-inflammatory gut bacteria was highlighted in cognitively impaired patients (Cattaneo et al., 2017; Fishbein et al., 2023; Munir et al., 2024).”
Biosafety of hyperbranched polylysine and its regulatory effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver and gut microbiota
Xiang, Y., Liang, M., Feng, M., Peng, Y., Liu, X., He, X., He, X., Yu, L., Hu, Q., Dong, X., et al. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152253 · Cited by 2
Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-targeted therapy in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhu, L., Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Ji, H., & Wang, X. (2025) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-025-00747-y · Cited by 3
“Gut microbiota diversity is affected by antibiotics, dietary modification, probiotics, prebiotic supplementation, and FMT [12–15].”
Metabolic changes associated with polysaccharide utilization reduce susceptibility to some β-lactams in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Nilson, R., Penumutchu, S., Pagano, F. S., & Belenky, P. A. (2024) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00103-24 · Cited by 2
“In general, antibiotics cause a reduction in microbial diversity which gives pathogens an opportunity to colonize the gut (14, 15).”
Background
Optimized use of the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis panel for early discontinuation of antibiotic therapy
Nicolau-Guillaumet, N., Moutel, M., Plouzeau-Jayle, C., Pean de Ponfilly, G., Courbin, V., Ranc, A.-G., Revillet, H., Mourvillier, B., Hentzien, M., Muggeo, A., et al. (2026) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00566-26 · Cited by 1
Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Intestines of Infants and Influencing Factors
Wang, Y.-C., Jiang, T., Mo, L., Lu, H.-Z., Quan, L.-H., Zhong, P., & Guan, Y. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression · doi:10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.v34.i8.60 · Cited by 1
Host-microbial interactions in the esophagus
Ebigbo, N., & Souza, R. F. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00079.2025 · Cited by 1
Differences in antimicrobial resistance gene abundance and microbial diversity of the gut microbiome in patients on antibiotics enrolled in a clinical trial
Stewart, A. G., Harris, P. N. A., Graham, R., Jennison, A. V., Schlebusch, S., Kakkanat, A., Harris‐Brown, T., Paterson, D. L., & Forde, B. M. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/20499361251337597 · Cited by 1
“2,3 Moreover, these compositional changes can remain long after cessation of antimicrobials.”
In Vitro Therapeutic Efficacy of Furazolidone for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing on Campylobacter
Moya‐Salazar, J., Terán-Vásquez, A., Salazar-Hernández, R., Rojas-Zumarán, V., Goicochea‐Palomino, E. A., Moya-Salazar, M. M., & Contreras-Pulache, H. (2025) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics14070636 · Cited by 1
“Fourth, it is possible that dietary variation may influence the effect of FZD in vivo, as this factor can affect the microbial environment and therapeutic outcomes [33].”
Microbial profile of the appendix niche in acute appendicitis: a novel sampling approach
Ma, H., Wang, M., Feng, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, W., Xie, Y., Kong, G., Feng, J., Wang, P., Wang, Q., et al. (2025) · FEBS Open Bio · doi:10.1002/2211-5463.70105 · Cited by 1
“Other factors such as diet, antibiotic administration, and bowel preparation, that should be taken into the consideration [63,64].”
Spermidine carbon quantum dots as an alternative antimicrobial agent for hatcheries rearing Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Lin, H., Lin, H.-T., Chiang, Y.-R., Lu, Y.-Y., Pan, J., Chen, M., Chuang, J.-C., Lin, H.-J., Kuo, W.-C., Lin, H.-J., et al. (2025) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743113 · Cited by 1
Role of gut microbiome in pathogenesis and treatment of diseases: Multidisciplinary experts’ opinion of the Asian Medical Experts Academy (AMEA)
Lau, R. I., Wong, M. C. S., Lau, L. H. S., Lau, A. Y. L., Mak, I. W. C., Lo, O. S., Chan, N. N., Dai, D. L. K., & Hau, K. C. (2025) · Gut Microbes Reports · doi:10.1080/29933935.2025.2558575 · Cited by 2
“21,41 The second feature is the increase in pathogenic microbial metabolites or products, for instance, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin that could trigger inflammation when it crosses the gut barrier and enters the bloodstream, leading to both local and systemic effects.”
Antibiotic-sensitive gut symbiont Turicibacter sanguinis alleviates constipation by enhancing short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolism
Tian, R., Hu, X., Yu, L., Tian, F., Zhao, J., Zhai, Q., & Chen, W. (2025) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2025.9250793 · Cited by 1
Understanding the impact of antibiotic treatment on the diversity of gut microbiota species
Charitos, I. A., Santacroce, L., Topi, S., Potenza, M. A., Montagnani, M., & Colella, M. (2025) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2025.2579881 · Cited by 1
Antibiotic administration decreases microglia and macrophage recruitment in a sex-dependent manner following Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Ossandón-Pino, N., Musleh-Vega, S., Pacheco, J. M., Retamal-Fredes, E., Romero, F. E., Guzmán, C., Hepp, M. I., Castro, C., Fehlings, M. G., Ávila, A., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05339-w · Cited by 1
“The unintended consequences of antibiotic treatments, such as off-target effects and microbiota perturbations, are well documented [44].”
Exploring gut microbiota and its predicted functions in pulmonary tuberculosis: A multi-regional study using public 16S datasets
Baral, T., Maile, A., Nagarajaram, H. A., Saravu, K., Kudru, C. U., Singh, J., Mukhopadhyay, C., Rao, M., Manu, M. K., & Miraj, S. S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336337 · Cited by 1
New evidence for interspecific interactions between the specific spoilage organisms Pseudomonas fragi and Brochothrix thermosphacta
Jiang, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, F., Qiu, W., & Wang, G. (2025) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118932 · Cited by 1
The characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with Kawasaki disease: a systematic review
Chen, H., Liu, H., Qiao, L., Liu, Y., Yu, D., Wang, Z., Wang, T., & Li, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1715478 · Cited by 1
“However, it is well established that antibiotics can disrupt gut microbial communities, specifically by reducing diversity and altering community structure (Fishbein et al., 2023).”
Microbial Metabolism of Levodopa as an Adjunct Therapeutic Target in Parkinson’s Disease
Feix, J. B., Cheng, G., Hardy, M., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15010120 · Cited by 2
“Although tetracycline antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline) have shown neuroprotective effects in mouse models of PD [64,65], treatment with conventional antibiotics can seriously disrupt the normal microbial flora, enabling proliferation of drug-resistant, pathogenic bacteria [66–68].”
Recurrent amoxicillin exposure disrupts colonic homeostasis through oxidative stress, DNA repair dysregulation, and gut dysbiosis-driven inflammation
Akhtara, N., & Bharali, M. K. (2026) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2026.111939 · Cited by 1
Pre-existing β-lactamase gene diversity is associated with lower risk of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonization in patients exposed to ceftriaxone
Bastard, Q. L., Gschwind, R., Lao, J., Vibet, M., Batard, É., Corvec, S., Montassier, E., & Ruppé, É. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2627692 · Cited by 2
Prebiotic efficacy of green banana flour against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in juvenile mice
Fu, Z., Wang, X., Yang, L., Xia, D., Song, Y., Xv, F., Chen, M., Zhong, F., & Liu, F. (2026) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108436 · Cited by 1
Potential risk signals for drug-related osteomyelitis: a comprehensive disproportionality analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database
Huang, D., Fu, L., Wang, Y., Zou, K., Zou, R., Tang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-026-05066-6 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, they eliminate their inherent competitive inhibition effect, leading to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens (such as MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) (Fishbein et al. 2023).”
Meat Quality Differences Between Ganan Tibetan Sheep and Tianzhu Tibetan Sheep Using Metabolomics and Rumen Microbiota Analyses
Yang, Y., Luo, X., Lu, D., Du, P., Jier, S., Wu, X., Lv, Y., Dong, P., & Ding, X. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14030575 · Cited by 1
“AAs can participate in the modification of lignin, thus breaking the barrier of plant biomass resistance to degradation and accelerating substrate hydrolysis [43].”
sRNA centered signaling activates nitrate respiration and enhances Cronobacter sakazakii virulence in host environments
Li, X., Sun, H., Yang, X., Feng, L., Niu, Y., Xiang, B., Qin, J., Wang, J., Li, Z., Wang, L., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-70257-x · Cited by 1
“While conventional antibiotics can combat bacterial infections, they often indiscriminately disrupt the gut microbiota, eliminating bene ﬁ cial bacteria that are essential for gut health 55 .”
Early trajectories of antibiotic exposure and colonization pressure and risk of ICU-acquired carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A prospective cohort study
Chen, Z., Ye, X., Wu, J., Li, Z., Wang, S., Wang, J., Tian, Y., Li, S., Zhou, L., Ni, J., et al. (2026) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1016/j.aicoj.2026.100063 · Cited by 1
The impact of antibiotic exposure on obesity and metabolic phenotypes via the gut microbiota
Zhu, B., Fu, C., Fan, D., Wang, Y., Sheng, P., Feng, J., & Wang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1782016 · Cited by 3
“Previous studies have indicated that following antibiotic exposure, the gut microbiota typically exhibits rapid declines in α -diversity and alterations in β -diversity (Fishbein et al., 2023; Anthony et al., 2022).”
Antibiofilm Potential and Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L475 Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Older Adults
Zhang, B., Guo, S., Li, M., Niu, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, N., Zhu, H., & Cui, Y. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14040888 · Cited by 1
“Such selective pressure could lead to a higher prevalence of resistant strains in the gut in these individuals [50].”
A One Health Perspective on Cancer: A Narrative Review
Duarte, S. A. C., Pinto‐Leite, R., & QUEIROGA, F. L. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14020221 · Cited by 2
“However, disruptions from infection [190], antibiotic overuse [191], or unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including diets high in processed foods and low in fiber, physical inactivity and nicotine exposure [192], can cause microbial dysbiosis, an imbalance linked to chronic inflammation, immune…”
Neonatal intensive care unit exposures reprogram microbiome–metabolome trajectories and modulate host calprotectin in preterm infants: a longitudinal multi-omics study
Huang, Y., Hong, L., Li, S., Zhang, L., Guo, X., Han, J., Yu, W., Chen, H., Luo, N., Chen, J., et al. (2026) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-026-01008-5 · Cited by 1
The role of the gut microbiome in antibiotic-driven antimicrobial resistance
Joshi, G., Rani, S., Bharti, D., Panda, N., Chavan, P., Mathpal, S., Ramaiah, S., & Anbarasu, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1856738 · Cited by 3
Ecological Constraint and Functional Response in Microbiome-informed Integrative Medicine
Lewandowski, R. (2026) · Future Integrative Medicine · doi:10.14218/fim.2026.00004 · Cited by 1
Estimating Sparse Direct Effects in Multivariate Regression With the Spike-and-Slab LASSO
Shen, Y., Solís‐Lemus, C., & Deshpande, S. K. (2024) · Bayesian Analysis · doi:10.1214/24-ba1430 · Cited by 1
Regarding “An Empirical Dietary Pattern Associated With the Gut Microbial Features in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk”
Wang, W., Geng, Y., Pan, J., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.038 · Cited by 1
Gut‐Microbiome and Nutritional Analysis Reveals Food Intake as a Key Factor in the Incidence and Prevention of Colon Polyps: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Ma, C., Zhang, M., Chen, B., Liu, M., Jiang, H., Li, J., Song, X., Wei, X., Wei, Z., Liu, J., et al. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71109 · Cited by 1
The Microbiota Dynamics in Water Distribution System of Pig FarmPreprint
Ren, Q., Chen, D., Cao, S., Li, X., Wang, M.-G., Teng, J., Du, X., Huang, Y., Gao, X., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4760755 · Cited by 1
Bacterial microcompartment utilisation in the human commensal Escherichia coli Nissle 1917Preprint
Clare, C., Rutter, J. W., Fedorec, A. J. H., Frank, S., & Barnes, C. P. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593892 · Cited by 1
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis increases Mycobacteria pulmonary colonization in mice by regulating the Nos2-associated pathwaysPreprint
Han, M., Wang, X., Su, L., Pan, S., Liu, N., Duan, L., Liu, L., Cui, J., Zhao, H., & Yang, F. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.99282.1 · Cited by 1
Gut Microbiome Perturbation Affected Conjugative Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance GenesPreprint
Yilmaz, G., Chan, M., Lau, C. H., Capitani, S., Kang, M., Charron, P., Hoover, E., Topp, E., & Guan, J. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.03.605226 · Cited by 1
“Likely, these bacteria can tolerate antibiotics through spore-mediated persistence, intrinsic resistance and/or other resiliency mechanisms [34].”
Background

Authors: Fishbein, S. R. S., Mahmud, B., & Dantas, G.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author: Dantas, Gautam
ORCID: Fishbein, Skye R. S.
Mahmud, Bejan
Dantas, Gautam
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-07-25
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Pages: 772-788
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00933-y
PMC: PMC12087466
OpenAlex: W4385240643
Cited by: 440
References: 229
Citations by year: 2026: 152 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 7
FWCI: 11.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01OH011578)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01 HS027621)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI123394, R01AI155893)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK077653)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (R01 OH011578)
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT009741)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD092414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Keywords: gut microbiota, antibiotics, microbiome perturbation, microbiome recovery, gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune disease, multi-omics profiling
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks