The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Commonality despite exceptional diversity in the baseline human antibody repertoire
Open accessAbstract
In principle, humans can produce an antibody response to any non-self-antigen molecule in the appropriate context. This flexibility is achieved by the presence of a large repertoire of naive antibodies, the diversity of which is expanded by somatic hypermutation following antigen exposure 1. The diversity of the naive antibody repertoire in humans is estimated to be at least 10 12 unique antibodies 2. Because the number of peripheral blood B cells in a healthy adult human is on the order of 5 × 10 9, the circulating B cell population samples only a small fraction of this diversity. Full-scale analyses of human antibody repertoires have been prohibitively difficult, primarily owing to their massive size. The amount of information encoded by all of the rearranged antibody and T cell receptor genes in one person-the 'genome' of the adaptive immune system-exceeds the size of the human genome by more than four orders of magnitude. Furthermore, because much of the B lymphocyte population is localized in organs or tissues that cannot be comprehensively sampled from living subjects, human repertoire studies have focused on circulating B cells 3. Here we examine the circulating B cell populations of ten human subjects and present what is, to our knowledge, the largest single collection of adaptive immune receptor sequences described to date, comprising almost 3 billion antibody heavy-chain sequences. This dataset enables genetic study of the baseline human antibody repertoire at an unprecedented depth and granularity, which reveals largely unique repertoires for each individual studied, a subpopulation of universally shared antibody clonotypes, and an exceptional overall diversity of the antibody repertoire.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“NGS provides a snapshot of millions of antibody sequences sampled from the theoretically possible 1012–1015 antibody sequences in a human repertoire [23, 24].”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Together with the diversity introduced by V(D) J recombination, somatic hypermutation can produce an estimated 1012–1015 possible antibody sequences [23, 24].”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Each of the estimated 5 × 109 B-cells in an organism [23] produces a distinct B-cell receptor (membrane-bound) or antibody (in soluble form) through somatic recombination of variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) gene segments [28, 29].”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“From a sequence perspective, it was demonstrated recently that despite the vast numbers of diverse sequences in a typical human antibody repertoire, a non-trivial amount of these is shared between individuals [23, 223].”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads
Martin, M. (2011) · EMBnet.journal · doi:10.14806/ej.17.1.200 · Cited by 33,889
van Dongen, J. J. M., Langerak, A. W., Brüggemann, M., Evans, P., Hummel, M., Lavender, F. L., Delabesse, É., Davi, F., Schuuring, E. M. D., García‐Sánz, R., et al. (2003) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403202 · Cited by 3,040
Estimating the Population Size for Capture-Recapture Data with Unequal Catchability
Chao, A. (1987) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531532 · Cited by 2,459
PANDAseq: paired-end assembler for Illumina sequences
Masella, A. P., Bartram, A. K., Truszkowski, J. M., Brown, D. G., & Neufeld, J. D. (2012) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-31 · Cited by 2,132
Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system
Rajewsky, K. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381751a0 · Cited by 1,701
Measurement of "Overlap" in Comparative Ecological Studies
Horn, H. S. (1966) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282436 · Cited by 1,646
Measuring of the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns
Morisita, M. (1959) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 659
Meyerhans, A., Vartanian, J., & Wain–Hobson, S. (1990) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/18.7.1687 · Cited by 589
Reference values for B cell subpopulations from infancy to adulthood
Morbach, H., Eichhorn, E.-M., Liese, J. G., & Girschick, H. J. (2010) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04206.x · Cited by 399
In-depth determination and analysis of the human paired heavy- and light-chain antibody repertoire
DeKosky, B. J., Kojima, T., Rodin, A., Charab, W., Ippolito, G. C., Ellington, A. D., & Georgiou, G. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3743 · Cited by 358
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 546
Maturation of the human B-cell receptor repertoire with agePreprint
Ghraichy, M., Galson, J. D., Kovaltsuk, A., von Niederhäusern, V., Schmid, J. P., Recher, M., Jauch, A. J., Miho, E., Kelly, D. F., Deane, C. M., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/609651 · Cited by 2
Immune fingerprintingPreprint
Dupic, T., Koraichi, M. B., Minervina, A. A., Pogorelyy, M. V., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 2
Maturation of naïve and antigen-experienced B-cell receptor repertoires with agePreprint
Ghraichy, M., Galson, J. D., Kovaltsuk, A., von Niederhäusern, V., Schmid, J. P., Jauch, A., Miho, E., Kelly, D. F., Deane, C. M., & Trück, J. (2019) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-177757 · Cited by 2
Wang, S.-L., Wu, D.-H., Xiong, H.-L., Wang, J., Tang, Z., Chen, Z.-H., Wang, Y.-Z., Zhang, Y.-L., Ying, D., Lin, X., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.04.10.439161 · Cited by 2
KA-Search: Rapid and exhaustive sequence identity search of known antibodiesPreprint
Olsen, T. H., Abanades, B., Moal, I. H., & Deane, C. M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.513855 · Cited by 2
Maillie, C. A., Golden, K., Wilson, I. A., Ward, A. B., & Mravic, M. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90139.1 · Cited by 2
AbBFN2: A flexible antibody foundation model based on Bayesian Flow NetworksPreprint
Guloglu, B., Bragança, M., Graves, A., Cameron, S., Atkinson, T. J., Copoiu, L., Laterre, A., & Barrett, T. D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.29.651170 · Cited by 3
Shamorkina, T. M., Pañeda, L. P., Kadavá, T., Schulte, D., Pribil, P. A., Heidelberger, S., Narlock-Brand, A. M., Yannone, S. M., Snijder, J., & Heck, A. J. R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.656138 · Cited by 2
Chardès, V., Vergassola, M., Walczak, A. M., & Mora, T. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2113512119 · Cited by 27
Selection influences naive CD8+ TCR‐β repertoire sharing
Yiu, H., Schoettle, L. N., Garcia-Neurer, M., Blattman, J. N., & Johnson, P. L. F. (2020) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13299 · Cited by 1
Elster, C., Ommer-Bläsius, M., Lang, A., Vajen, T., Pfeiler, S., Feige, M., Pang, T. Y., Böttenberg, M., Verheyen, S., Quý, K. L., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1221620 · Cited by 1
Human monoclonal antibody cloning and expression with overlap extension PCR and short DNA fragments
Ende, Z. S., Mishina, M., Kauffman, R. C., Kumar, A., KUMARI, R. R., Knight, P. R., & Sambhara, S. R. (2024) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2024.113768 · Cited by 1
Yeast Surface Display of Protein Addresses Confers Robust Storage and Access of DNA-Based Data
Lee, M. N., Brihadiswaran, G., Rao, B. M., Tuck, J. M., & Keung, A. J. (2025) · DNA · doi:10.3390/dna5030034 · Cited by 1
Findly, R. C., Sweeney, R. P., Niagro, F. D., Camus, A. C., & Dickerson, H. W. (2025) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2025.105443 · Cited by 1
Dupont, M., Derouault, P., Pascal, V., Dmytruk, N., Roubinet, M., Rivière, C., Parquet, M., Guiyedi, K., Boulin, M., Péron, S., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.70204 · Cited by 1
HuBIE: The human blood immunome encyclopedia of TCRs and BCRs in bloodstream infections and cancer
Akbari, V., Morgan, A., Yasuda, M., Schlecht, U., McNamara, S., Asgharian, H., Tam, C., Adachi, R., Contreras, E., Du, Z. G., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1836543 · Cited by 2
Hale, G., Kaufman, Y., Hunt, K., Ramesh, P., Dorin, R. M., & Gerion, D. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.136564 · Cited by 1
Athènes, G., Woolfe, A., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013981 · Cited by 1
McCrury, M., Sanchez, A., Mangold, R., Spears, T. J., Doshier, C., Buisson, R., Miah, M., Akdeniz, D., & Kendrick, S. L. (2026) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkag203 · Cited by 1
BCRInsight: an antibody language model to decode biological signals from BCR sequences
Zhao, H., Lou, S. K., Li, X., Gao, Y., Cao, W., Gu, H., & Zhang, F. (2026) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbag154 · Cited by 1
Extending Serum IgG1 Antibody Repertoire Coverage Using DIA-PTCR
Leuvenink, R. W., Wollenweber, L., Bondt, A., Fort, K. L., & Heck, A. J. R. (2026) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1021/jasms.6c00051 · Cited by 1
Establishment of germline-encoded antibodies during primary dengue infection
Verdonckt, T.-W., Sahulčík, M., Bouckaert, J., Vermeersch, A.-S., Struyfs, C., Nieuwerburgh, F. V., Waickman, A. T., Thomas, S. J., Lagatie, O., & Ariën, K. K. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117764 · Cited by 1
Understanding and Overcoming Biochemical Diversity in AL Amyloidosis
Morgan, G. J. (2023) · Israel Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ijch.202300128 · Cited by 1
Epitope characterization of proteins and aptamers with mass spectrometry
Lupu, L., Kleinekofort, W., & Morgner, N. (2023) · European Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1177/14690667231208530 · Cited by 1
T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor repertoires profiling in pleural tuberculosis
Du, F., Deng, Y., Deng, L., Du, B., Xing, A., Tao, H., Li, H., Xie, L., Zhang, X., Sun, T., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1473486 · Cited by 1
Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B Technologies – Are They Ready for Prime Time?
Nair, A. G., Ehrhardt, G. R. A., & Grunebaum, E. (2025) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.1080/08820139.2025.2462536 · Cited by 1
Yi, X., Qiu, Y., Xie, P., Wang, S., & Sun, X. (2025) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-025-04676-1 · Cited by 1
PepSeq as a highly multiplexed platform for melioidosis antigen discovery and vaccine development
Elko, E. A., Williamson, C. H. D., Green, H. R., Gates‐Hollingsworth, M. A., Nelson, G. A., Pandit, S. G., Mead, H., Allender, C., Woerle, C., Mayo, M. J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1605758 · Cited by 1
Blass, B. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817214-8.00009-9 · Cited by 1
Chung, C.-Y., Gutiérrez-González, M., Acevedo, S. N. L., Fahad, A. S., DeKosky, B. J., & Community, O. B. O. T. A. (2022) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_21 · Cited by 1
SARS-Cov-2-, HIV-1-, Ebola-neutralizing and anti-PD1 clones are predisposedPreprint
Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Zeng, H., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Lan, C., Yang, X., Zhu, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.249086 · Cited by 1
Seow, J., Shalim, Z. A., Graham, C., Kimuda, S., Pillai, A., Lechmere, T., Kurshan, A., Khimji, A. M., Snell, L., Nebbia, G., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534872 · Cited by 1
Non-equilibrium antigen recognition in acute infectionsPreprint
Morán-Tovar, R., & Lässig, M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535743 · Cited by 1
$\textit{sentropy}$: A Python Package for Revealing Hidden Differences in Complex DatasetsPreprint
Nguyen, P., Arora, R., Hill, E. D., Braun, J., Morgan, A., Quintana, L. M., Mazzoni, G., Lee, G. R., Arnaout, R., & Arnaout, R. (2023) · PubMed · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.00102 · Cited by 1
Structural Survey of Antigen Recognition by Synthetic Human AntibodiesPreprint
Gorelik, M., Miersch, S., & Sidhu, S. S. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Protocols · doi:10.1101/pdb.over107759 · Cited by 1
Mapping and Engineering Antibody-Antigen Interaction Landscapes for Systematic Affinity EnhancementPreprint
Chun, C., Sohn, B.-K., Jo, J. H., Lee, J., Yu, B., Baek, M., & Yoon, T. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.25.595884 · Cited by 1
SpecImmune accurately genotypes diverse immune-related gene families using long-read dataPreprint
Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, M., Zhou, Q., & Li, S. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.04.636381 · Cited by 1
Establishment of ‘natural antibodies’ during primary dengue infectionPreprint
Verdonckt, T.-W., Vermeersch, A.-S., Struyfs, C., Sahulčík, M., Nieuwerburgh, F. V., Waickman, A. T., Lagatie, O., & Ariën, K. K. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.25333157 · Cited by 1
Data-optimal scaling of paired antibody language modelsPreprint
Neyestanak, M. S., Burbach, S. M., Ng, K., Gangavarapu, P., Hurtado, J., Magura, J., Ismail, N., Muema, D., Ndung’u, T., Ward, A. B., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673765 · Cited by 1
Self-citationOllivier, S., Schuster, D., van Rijswijck, D. M. H., Stroganova, I., Smyrnakis, A., Fiala, J., Kosmopoulou, M., Suckau, D., Pengelley, S., Raether, O., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685408 · Cited by 1
Quantitative mapping of antigen specificity in adaptive immune repertoire embedding spacesPreprint
Frolenkova, M., Cardente, N., Zhong, J., Egorov, E. S., Isacchini, G., Limenitakis, J. P., Fleig, P., Rawat, P., Pavlović, M., Sanetti, C., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.692930 · Cited by 5
Decoding epitope immunodominance in HIV Env using cryoEM and machine learningPreprint
Schuhmacher, J. S., Xiao, S., Eray, E., Brown, S., Zambrowski, A. P., Jain, A., Montiel-Garcia, D., Ozorowski, G., Zhu, W., Saam, K., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710672 · Cited by 1
GYDE: A collaborative drug discovery platform for AI-powered protein design and engineeringPreprint
Down, T. A., Warowny, M., Walker, A., D’Ascenzo, L., Lee, D., Zhou, Z., Cao, S., Bainbridge, T. W., Nicoludis, J. M., Harris, S. F., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.24.714039 · Cited by 1
Solieva, S. O., Park, J., Miller, J. J., Kriews, A., Escolano, A., & Bowman, G. R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.27.728205 · Cited by 1
ErrorX: automated error correction for immune repertoire sequencing datasetsPreprint
Sevy, A. M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.952408
Wang, S., Mandl, J. N., Feinberg, M. B., Citron, M. P., Saksena, N. K., Luo, L., Li, Z., Zhu, Y., Li, T., Nie, C., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435360
Association of B cell profile and receptor repertoire with the progression of Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
Mook‐Jung, I., Park, J., Noh, J., Jang, S. S., Kim, K. H., Choi, H., Lee, D., Chung, J., Lee, D. Y., Lee, Y., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-312269/v1
Lee, J. H., Nakao, C., Appel, M., Le, A., Landais, E., Kalyuzhniy, O., Hu, X., Liguori, A., Mullen, T.-M., Gröschel, B., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3805158
Dey, A. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736832743.793567102
Cojocaru, R., & Unrau, P. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819460-7.00334-0
Chang, A. J., Baron, S. W., Hoffman, J., & Hicar, M. D. (2022) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.011
Wang, T. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.737515808.793581253
Mathematical Characterization of Private and Public Immune Repertoire SequencesPreprint
Böttcher, L., Wald, S., & Chou, T. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492232
Multi-tissue architecture of the adaptive immune receptor repertoire in the cynomolgus macaquePreprint
Zhu, Y., Tang, H., Guan, J., Xie, W., Chen, S., Lan, C., Ma, C., Zeng, H., Yang, X., Wang, Q., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1778626/v1
Probing highly polymorphic proteins by mass spectrometry
Hoek, M. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1535
Heavy-chain CDR3-engineered B cells facilitate in vivo evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidatesPreprint
He, W., Ou, T., Skamangas, N. K., Bailey, C. C., Bronkema, N., Guo, Y., Yin, Y., Kobzarenko, V., Zhang, X., Pan, A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515497
Maillie, C. A., Golden, K., Wilson, I. A., Ward, A. B., & Mravic, M. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90139.3
SPLASH: a statistical, reference-free genomic algorithm unifies biological discoveryPreprint
Chaung, K., Baharav, T. Z., Henderson, G., Zheludev, I. N., Wang, P., & Salzman, J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549408
Decoding B cell receptors in autoimmune diseases
Atisha‐Fregoso, Y., & Diamond, B. (2023) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224779
ความผดปกตทางพนธกรรมของโรคมะเรงเมดเลอดขาวลมโฟไซตชนดเรอรงในประเทศไทย
ขอบบัวคลี่, ศ., ผลประเสริฐ, จ., & โรจน์นครินทร์, พ. (2022) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2022.752
Xu, Z., Ismanto, H. S., Saputri, D. S., Haruna, S., Sun, G., Wilamowski, J., Teraguchi, S., Sengupta, A., Li, S., & Standley, D. M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569125
de Graaf, S. C., Bondt, A., van Rijswijck, D. M. H., Juncker, H. G., Mulleners, S. J., Damen, M. J. A., Hoek, M., van Keulen, B. J., van Goudoever, J. B., Heck, A. J. R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1305086
Additional file 1 of Anchor Clustering for million-scale immune repertoire sequencing data
Chang, H., Ashlock, D., Graether, S. P., & Keller, S. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25067253
Prabakaran, P., Gupta, A., Rao, S. P., Rajpal, D. K., Wendt, M., Qiu, Y., & Chowdhury, P. S. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591287
Expression, Function, and Significance of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulin in Haematological System
Wu, L., Xia, M., Wang, C., Yan, H., Gong, X., & Yin, C. C. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_15
Can the Internal Nasal Valves Method Be a Game Changer for Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections?
Varma, A. B. (2024) · International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health · doi:10.25259/ijtmrph_12_2024 · Cited by 2
Maillie, C. A., Golden, K., Wilson, I. A., Ward, A. B., & Mravic, M. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90139.2
Longitudinal analysis of drift in the circulating human antibody repertoire over four years
Joyce, C., Némoz, B., Bastidas, R. B., Briney, B. S., & Burton, D. R. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-60159-9
Self-citationSoria-Alcaide, G., García-Aguilera, G., Portasany-Rodriguez, M., Lalchandani, J., Murillo, Á. G., Sánchez, E. G., Sáiz-Ladera, C., Ramírez, M. R., & García–Martínez, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.654451
Learning evolutionary parameters from genealogies using allelic trees
Aragon, A., Lambert, A., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2025) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf112 · Cited by 2
Assessment of Human Ig Repertoire Diversity after Cryopreservation and Restimulation of B Cells
Smirnova, A., Ovchinnikova, L. A., Mamedov, I. Z., Grigoreva, T. V., Khazeev, S. N., Akhmedova, M. A., & Lomakin, Y. A. (2025) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297925601327
Protein Language Model Based Structure-guided Antibody Screening for Disordered Protein TargetsPreprint
Chenna, A., Priyadarshi, P., Kolluru, K., Singal, S., & Goel, G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.21.660895
Spoendlin, F. C., & Deane, C. M. (2025) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4591-8_16
Thrifty wide-context models of B cell receptor somatic hypermutationPreprint
Sung, K., Johnson, M. M., Dumm, W., Simon, N., Haddox, H. K., Fukuyama, J., & Matsen, F. A., IV (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105471.2
Udoye, C. C., Khasraghi, S. M., Witt, P., Biswas, S., Manz, R. A., & Fähnrich, A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7048307/v1
Accurate and scalable multi-disease classification from adaptive immune repertoiresPreprint
Jiravejchakul, N., Sengupta, A., Li, S., Upadhyaya, D., Llamas-Covarrubias, M. A., Hauer, F., Haruna, S., & Standley, D. M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669991
The body’s fight against COVID-19 explained using 3D-printed models
Ahlgren, N. A. (2021) · doi:10.64628/aai.ey6rvhrvt
Zhou, H., Jiko, C., Gerle, C., Lefranc, M., Katoh, K., & Standley, D. M. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-12081-z
Enhancing monoclonal antibody diversity by integrating bulk sorting and machine learning
Hisamatsu, D., Ozaki, R., Ikeda, A., Ito, L., Matsushita, Y., Hiki, M., Mori, H., Tabe, Y., Naito, T., & Akazawa, C. (2025) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102312
The Use of B-cell Tetramers for the Study of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific B cells
Pérez‐Mazliah, D. (2025) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4848-3_17
H3BERTa: A CDR-H3-specific language model for antibody repertoire analysis
Rodella, C., & Lemmin, T. (2026) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2026.101561
Immunogenomics Approaches to Studying Antibody Repertoires and Vaccine Responses in Ruminants
Safonova, Y., Collins, A. M., Murdoch, B. M., Rosen, B. D., Smith, T. P. L., & Watson, C. T. (2025) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-091103
Gedächtnis-B-Zellen als Surrogatmarker für sichere Organtransplantation
Hartmann, Z. M., Verboom, M., Blasczyk, R., & Bade‐Doeding, C. (2025) · Transfusionsmedizin · doi:10.1055/a-2651-0818
Explore antibody repertoire in the era of AI
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, C., & Meng, F. (2025) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2025230
Additional file 2 of Anchor Clustering for million-scale immune repertoire sequencing data
Chang, H., Ashlock, D., Graether, S. P., & Keller, S. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25067312
Additional file 3 of Anchor Clustering for million-scale immune repertoire sequencing data
Chang, H., Ashlock, D., Graether, S. P., & Keller, S. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26672895
Additional file 2 of Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches
Balashova, D., van Schaik, B. D. C., Stratigopoulou, M., Guikema, J. E. J., Caniels, T. G., Claireaux, M. A. F., van Gils, M. J., Musters, A., Anang, D. C., de Vries, N., et al. (2024) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25195097
Soto, C. S., Finn, J. A., Willis, J. R., Day, S. B., Sinkovits, R. S., Jones, T., Schmitz, S., Meiler, J., Branchizio, A., & Crowe, J. E. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12668064
Colombo, M., Bagnara, D., Reverberi, D., Matis, S., Cardillo, M., Massara, R., Mastracci, L., Ravetti, J. L., Agnelli, L., Neri, A., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11966784
Additional file 1 of Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches
Balashova, D., van Schaik, B. D. C., Stratigopoulou, M., Guikema, J. E. J., Caniels, T. G., Claireaux, M. A. F., van Gils, M. J., Musters, A., Anang, D. C., de Vries, N., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25194818
Sourcing and screening human antibody repertoires for discovering biotherapeutics
Abdiche, Y. N., & Hoet, R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29808-0.00062-5
Li, J., Zeng, D.-D., Yin, Q., Zhang, S., Zhao, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Tong, F., Zhao, Z., Jiang, T., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1693895
Hellgren, F., Cerveira, R. A., Lindgren, G., Chen, P., Lenart, K., Ols, S., Cagigi, A., Valentini, D., Barranco, M. R., Vitus, E. S., et al. (2026) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.70077
Park, S., Mischka, J., Okba, N. M. A., Abbad, A., Yuan, M., Srivastava, K., Gleason, C., Mulder, L. C. F., Copps, J., Saam, K., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706653 · Cited by 1
Early clonal dominance at priming sets the trajectory for broad HIV serum neutralizationPreprint
Liang, B., Zhu, Y., Roark, R. S., Li, X., Mishra, N., Martella, C. L., Vo, A. L., Giese, G., Huang, Q., Biju, A., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709621
Self-citationWang, H., Wang, K., Xu, Q., Cai, L., Huang, C., Chen, L., Zang, Y., Hu, X. S., & Zhang, J. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014077
Metadata
- Authors
- Briney, B., Inderbitzin, A., Joyce, C., & Burton, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Briney, Bryan
- Burton, Dennis R.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-01-21
- Volume
- 566
- Issue
- 7744
- Pages
- 393-397
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6411386
- OpenAlex
- W2910384850
- Cited by
- 544
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 34
- FWCI
- 25.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (SFP1849)
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI100663, U19AI135995)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- human antibody repertoire, naive B cells, repertoire diversity, adaptive immunity, somatic hypermutation
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Antigens, B-Lymphocytes, Base Sequence, Clone Cells, Humans, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
