The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Modularity and community structure in networks
Newman, M. E. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601602103 · Cited by 12,256
Mathematical Biology: II: Spatial Models and Biomedical Applications
(2003) · Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1007/b98869 · Cited by 2,293
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization
Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M. B. F., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1804840115 · Cited by 1,863
A postmodern Pandora's box: anti-vaccination misinformation on the internet
Kata, A. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022 · Cited by 1,208
Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention
Centola, D., Becker, J., Brackbill, D., & Baronchelli, A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas8827 · Cited by 750
Disinformation’s spread: bots, trolls and all of us
Starbird, K. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02235-x · Cited by 203
Cited by
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US
Malik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J., & Omer, S. B. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100495 · Cited by 1,540
Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world
Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L. J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M., & van der Linden, S. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.201199 · Cited by 1,447
Countering Misinformation and Fake News Through Inoculation and Prebunking
Lewandowsky, S., & van der Linden, S. (2021) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2021.1876983 · Cited by 773
Misinformation: susceptibility, spread, and interventions to immunize the public
van der Linden, S. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01713-6 · Cited by 570
The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis
Germani, F., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247642 · Cited by 316
Retracted
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, N. F., Velásquez, N., Restrepo, N. J., Leahy, R., Gabriel, N., El Oud, S., Zheng, M., Manrique, P., Wuchty, S., & Lupu, Y.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2020-05-13
- Volume
- 582
- Issue
- 7811
- Pages
- 230-233
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W3025654839
- Cited by
- 700
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 170.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1
- The paper
- Johnson, N. F., Velásquez, N., Restrepo, N. J., Leahy, R., Gabriel, N., El Oud, S., Zheng, M., Manrique, P., Wuchty, S., & Lupu, Y. (2020). The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.