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Correlated charge noise and relaxation errors in superconducting qubits
Open accessAbstract
The central challenge in building a quantum computer is error correction. Unlike classical bits, which are susceptible to only one type of error, quantum bits (qubits) are susceptible to two types of error, corresponding to flips of the qubit state about the X and Z directions. Although the Heisenberg uncertainty principle precludes simultaneous monitoring of X- and Z-flips on a single qubit, it is possible to encode quantum information in large arrays of entangled qubits that enable accurate monitoring of all errors in the system, provided that the error rate is low 1. Another crucial requirement is that errors cannot be correlated. Here we characterize a superconducting multiqubit circuit and find that charge noise in the chip is highly correlated on a length scale over 600 micrometres; moreover, discrete charge jumps are accompanied by a strong transient reduction of qubit energy relaxation time across the millimetre-scale chip. The resulting correlated errors are explained in terms of the charging event and phonon-mediated quasiparticle generation associated with absorption of γ-rays and cosmic-ray muons in the qubit substrate. Robust quantum error correction will require the development of mitigation strategies to protect multiqubit arrays from correlated errors due to particle impacts.
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“When interacting with the chip, these rays can deposit energies in the 100 keV to 1 MeV range [5, 8], dwar ng the typical energy scales in our qubits at around 25 eV.”
From Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wilen, C. D., Abdullah, S., Kurinsky, N. A., Stanford, C., Cardani, L., D’Imperio, G., Tomei, C., Faoro, L., Ioffe, L. B., Liu, C. H., Opremcak, A., Christensen, B. G., DuBois, J. L., & McDermott, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilen, C. D.
- McDermott, R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2021-06-16
- Volume
- 594
- Issue
- 7863
- Pages
- 369-373
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W3166751781
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 27
- FWCI
- 14.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0020313)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Keywords
- superconducting qubits, quantum error correction, cosmic ray muons, gamma-ray attenuation, spatially correlated errors, quantum computing hardware
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