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Correlated charge noise and relaxation errors in superconducting qubits
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The central challenge in building a quantum computer is error correction. Unlike classical bits, which are susceptible to only one type of error, quantum bits (qubits) are susceptible to two types of error, corresponding to flips of the qubit state about the X and Z directions. Although the Heisenberg uncertainty principle precludes simultaneous monitoring of X- and Z-flips on a single qubit, it is possible to encode quantum information in large arrays of entangled qubits that enable accurate monitoring of all errors in the system, provided that the error rate is low 1. Another crucial requirement is that errors cannot be correlated. Here we characterize a superconducting multiqubit circuit and find that charge noise in the chip is highly correlated on a length scale over 600 micrometres; moreover, discrete charge jumps are accompanied by a strong transient reduction of qubit energy relaxation time across the millimetre-scale chip. The resulting correlated errors are explained in terms of the charging event and phonon-mediated quasiparticle generation associated with absorption of γ-rays and cosmic-ray muons in the qubit substrate. Robust quantum error correction will require the development of mitigation strategies to protect multiqubit arrays from correlated errors due to particle impacts.
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“When interacting with the chip, these rays can deposit energies in the 100 keV to 1 MeV range [5, 8], dwar ng the typical energy scales in our qubits at around 25 eV.”
From Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
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Islam, S., Shamim, S., & Ghosh, A. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202109671 · Cited by 21
Sensor-Assisted Fault Mitigation in Quantum Computation
Orrell, J. L., & Loer, B. (2021) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.16.024025 · Cited by 18
QuFI: a Quantum Fault Injector to Measure the Reliability of Qubits and Quantum Circuits
Oliveira, D. V., Giusto, E., Dri, E., Casciola, N., Baheri, B., Guan, Q., Montrucchio, B., & Rech, P. (2022) · International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/dsn53405.2022.00025 · Cited by 18
Fink, C. W., Salemi, C. P., Young, B., Schuster, D., & Kurinsky, N. (2024) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.22.054009 · Cited by 33
Self-citationMultiqubit time-varying quantum channels for NISQ-era superconducting quantum processors
Martínez, J. E., Fuentes, P., iOlius, A. D., Garcia‐Frias, J., Fonollosa, J. R., & Crespo, P. M. (2023) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.5.033055 · Cited by 17
Cryogenic Multiplexing Control Chip for a Superconducting Quantum Processor
Huang, R., Geng, X., Wu, X., Dai, G., Yang, L., Liu, J., & Chen, W. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.064046 · Cited by 15
Characterizing Low-Frequency Qubit Noise
Wudarski, F., Zhang, Y., Korotkov, A. N., Petukhov, A. G., & Dykman, M. I. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.19.064066 · Cited by 15
Quasiparticle Dynamics in Epitaxial Al - InAs Planar Josephson Junctions
Elfeky, B. H., Strickland, W. M., Lee, J., Farmer, J. T., Shanto, S., Zarassi, A., Langone, D., Vavilov, M., Levenson-Falk, E. M., & Shabani, J. (2023) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.4.030339 · Cited by 16
ZZ -interaction-free single-qubit-gate optimization in superconducting qubits
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Quasiparticle Dynamics in a Superconducting Qubit Irradiated by a Localized Infrared Source
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Fowler, J. W., Szypryt, P., Bunker, R., Edwards, E. R., Florang, I. M. F., Gao, J., Giachero, A., Hoogerheide, S. F., Loer, B., Mumm, H. P., et al. (2024) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.5.040323 · Cited by 14
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Benchmarking quantum logic operations relative to thresholds for fault tolerance
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A Stress Induced Source of Phonon Bursts and Quasiparticle PoisoningPreprint
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Self-citationMulti-qubit nanoscale sensing with entanglement as a resource
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Abatement of ionizing radiation for superconducting quantum devices
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Hardware Implementation of Quantum Stabilizers in Superconducting Circuits
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Self-citationState control in superconducting quantum processors
Vozhakov, V. A., Bastrakova, M. V., Klenov, N. V., Soloviev, I. I., Pogosov, W. V., Валерьевич, Б. Д., Zhukov, A. A., & Михайлович, С. А. (2021) · Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk · doi:10.3367/ufnr.2021.02.038934 · Cited by 11
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Cosmic muon flux attenuation methods for superconducting qubit experiments
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Correlated Quasiparticle Poisoning from Phonon-Only Events in Superconducting Qubits
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wilen, C. D., Abdullah, S., Kurinsky, N. A., Stanford, C., Cardani, L., D’Imperio, G., Tomei, C., Faoro, L., Ioffe, L. B., Liu, C. H., Opremcak, A., Christensen, B. G., DuBois, J. L., & McDermott, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilen, C. D.
- McDermott, R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2021-06-16
- Volume
- 594
- Issue
- 7863
- Pages
- 369-373
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W3166751781
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 27
- FWCI
- 14.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0020313)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Keywords
- superconducting qubits, quantum error correction, cosmic ray muons, gamma-ray attenuation, spatially correlated errors, quantum computing hardware
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