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Deep learning enables rapid identification of potent DDR1 kinase inhibitors
Abstract
We have developed a deep generative model, generative tensorial reinforcement learning (GENTRL), for de novo small-molecule design. GENTRL optimizes synthetic feasibility, novelty, and biological activity. We used GENTRL to discover potent inhibitors of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a kinase target implicated in fibrosis and other diseases, in 21 days. Four compounds were active in biochemical assays, and two were validated in cell-based assays. One lead candidate was tested and demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics in mice.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhavoronkov, A., Ivanenkov, Y. A., Aliper, A., Veselov, M. S., Aladinskiy, V. A., Aladinskaya, A. V., Terentiev, V. A., Polykovskiy, D. A., Kuznetsov, M. D., Asadulaev, A., Volkov, Y., Zholus, A., Shayakhmetov, R. R., Zhebrak, A., Minaeva, L. I., Zagribelnyy, B. A., Lee, L. H., Soll, R., Madge, D., Xing, L., Guo, T., & Aspuru-Guzik, A.
- Affiliations
- WuXi AppTec (China) (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhavoronkov, Alex
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1038-1040
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2971690404
- Cited by
- 1,573
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 320 · 2025: 306 · 2024: 224 · 2023: 178 · 2022: 169 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 22
- FWCI
- 92.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nvidia
- Nature
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Keywords
- DDR1, deep generative models, drug discovery, fibrosis, pharmacokinetics
- MeSH terms
- Discoidin Domain Receptor 1, Deep Learning, Animals, Dogs, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Microsomes, Liver, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Molecular Structure, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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