Animal‐free alternatives and the antibody iceberg
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Generation of new antibodies is possible using fully animal-free in vitro technologies such as phage display, which obviate the need for animal immunization.
“In addition, generation of new antibodies is possible using fully animal‐free in vitro technologies such as phage display, which obviate the need for animal immunization [25].”
From A worldwide survey on the use of animal‐derived materials and reagents in scientific experimentation (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Animal-generated antibodies and serum-derived albumin supplements can introduce poorly characterized, batch-variable backgrounds that affect assay performance and data interpretation.
“Likewise, animal-generated antibodies and serum-derived albumin supplements can introduce poorly characterized, batch-variable backgrounds that affect assay performance and data interpretation (Gray et al., 2020; DeLuca et al., 2021; Duarte et al., 2023; Nezvedova et al., 2025; Akuta et al., 2026).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Gray et al., 2020
Cost and availability gaps between recombinant and traditional antibodies continue to narrow as research demand drives manufacturing scale-up.
“Initial cost and availability gaps between recombinant and traditional antibodies continue to narrow as research demand drives manufacturing scale-up (Gray et al., 2020).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Gray et al., 2020
Once hybridoma cell lines exist, production does not require further animal experiments, though sequence recovery enables full recombinant transition.
“Once cell lines exist, production does not require further animal experiments, though sequence recovery enables full recombinant transition (Gray et al., 2020).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Gray et al., 2020
Cites
Reproducibility crisis: Blame it on the antibodies
Baker, M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/521274a · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Reproducibility: Standardize antibodies used in research
Bradbury, A., & Plückthun, A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/518027a · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Self-citationHow reliable are G-protein-coupled receptor antibodies?
Michel, M. C., Wieland, T., & Tsujimoto, G. (2009) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-009-0395-y · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Serum biomarker signature-based liquid biopsy for diagnosis of early-stage pancreatic cancer
Mellby, L. D., Nyberg, A. P., Johansen, J. S., Wingren, C., Nordestgaard, B. G., Bojesen, S. E., Mitchell, B. L., Sheppard, B. C., Sears, R. C., & Borrebaeck, C. A. K. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.77.6658 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Sorted by citations
Improving de novo protein binder design with deep learning
Bennett, N. R., Coventry, B., Goreshnik, I., Huang, B., Allen, A., Vafeados, D., Peng, Y. P., Dauparas, J., Baek, M., Stewart, L., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38328-5 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Ayoubi, R., Ryan, J., Biddle, M. S., Alshafie, W., Fotouhi, M., Bolivar, S. G., Ruiz Moleon, V., Eckmann, P., Worrall, D., McDowell, I., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91645.2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A worldwide survey on the use of animal‐derived materials and reagents in scientific experimentation
Cassotta, M., Bartnicka, J. J., Pistollato, F., Parvatam, S., Weber, T., D'Alessandro, V., Bastos, L. F., & Coecke, S. (2022) · Engineering in Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/elsc.202100167 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Spänle, J. V., Haiber, L. M., & Seeger, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1800157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gray, A., Bradbury, A. R. M., Knappik, A., Plückthun, A., Borrebaeck, C. A. K., & Dübel, S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2020-10-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1234-1239
- ISSN
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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