The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Significance of bystander T cell activation in microbial infection
Abstract
During microbial infection, pre-existing memory CD8+ T cells that are not specific for the infecting pathogens can be activated by cytokines without cognate antigens, termed bystander activation. Studies in mouse models and human patients demonstrate bystander activation of memory CD8+ T cells, which exerts either protective or detrimental effects on the host, depending on the infection model or disease. Research has elucidated mechanisms underlying the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells in terms of the responsible cytokines and the effector mechanisms of bystander-activated CD8+ T cells. In this Review, we describe the history of research on bystander CD8+ T cell activation as well as evidence of bystander activation. We also discuss the mechanisms and immunopathological roles of bystander activation in various microbial infections.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“All skin-resident T cells are pre-activated T cells with effector/memory-like phenotypes, which could be activated in an innate fashion by alterations of molecular cues of the local tissue they reside in.26,27,28,29,30,31,32”
From Skin-resident T cells play an important role in controlling skin colonization of Candidozyma (Candida) auris (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
Cites
Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA.
Bauer, S., Groh, V., Wu, J., Steinle, A., Phillips, J., Lanier, L., & Spies, T. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.727 · Cited by 3,272
Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-γ production by T cells
Okamura, H., Tsutsui, H., Komatsu, T., Yutsudo, M., Hakura, A., Tanimoto, T., Torigoe, K., Okura, T., Nukada, Y., Hattori, K., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378088a0 · Cited by 2,602
Green, P. H. R., & Jones, R. (2006) · Cited by 2,453
Counting Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells: A Reevaluation of Bystander Activation during Viral Infection
Murali‐Krishna, K., Altman, J. D., Suresh, M., Sourdive, D. J. D., Zajac, A. J., Miller, J. D., Slansky, J. E., & Ahmed, R. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80470-7 · Cited by 1,918
Green, P. H. R., & Cellier, C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra071600 · Cited by 1,617
Bystander CD8+ T cells are abundant and phenotypically distinct in human tumour infiltrates
Simoni, Y., Becht, E., Fehlings, M., Loh, C. Y., Koo, S.-L., Teng, K. W. W., Yeong, J. P. S., Nahar, R., Zhang, T., Kared, H., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0130-2 · Cited by 1,370
Roles of the NKG2D immunoreceptor and its ligands
Raulet, D. H. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1199 · Cited by 1,351
MR1 presents microbial vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells
Kjer-Nielsen, L., Patel, O., Corbett, A. J., Le Nours, J., Meehan, B., Liu, L., Bhati, M., Chen, Z., Kostenko, L., Reantragoon, R., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11605 · Cited by 1,351
Potent and Selective Stimulation of Memory-Phenotype CD8+ T Cells In Vivo by IL-15
Zhang, X. M., Sun, S., Hwang, I., Tough, D. F., & Sprent, J. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80564-6 · Cited by 1,248
Critical Regulation of Early Th17 Cell Differentiation by Interleukin-1 Signaling
Chung, Y., Chang, S. H., Martínez, G., Yang, X. O., Nurieva, R., Kang, H. S., Ma, L., Watowich, S. S., Jetten, A. M., Tian, Q., et al. (2009) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.02.007 · Cited by 1,247
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension
Guzik, T. J., Nosalski, R., Maffia, P., & Drummond, G. R. (2024) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1 · Cited by 356
Gamma delta T-cell-based immune checkpoint therapy: attractive candidate for antitumor treatment
Gao, Z., Bai, Y., Lin, A., Jiang, A., Zhou, C., Cheng, Q., Liu, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, J., & Luo, P. (2023) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01722-0 · Cited by 138
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic
Bertoletti, A., Bert, N. L., & Tan, A. T. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.008 · Cited by 118
Tran, K. A., Pernet, E., Sadeghi, M., Downey, J., Chronopoulos, J., Lapshina, E., Tsai, O., Kaufmann, E., Ding, J., & Divangahi, M. (2024) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01739-z · Cited by 99
Nkongolo, S., Mahamed, D., Kuipery, A., Vásquez, J. D. S., Kim, S., Mehrotra, A., Patel, A. B., Hu, C., McGilvray, I. D., Feld, J. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci158903 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, H., Jeong, S., & Shin, E.-C.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Eui-Cheol
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2021-08-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-22
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W3189438345
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Samsung Science and Technology Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- bystander T cell activation, memory CD8+ T cells, microbial infection, immunopathology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Inflammation, Lymphocyte Activation, Cytokines, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Bystander Effect, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
