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The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body
Abstract
We integrated ubiquity, mass and lifespan of all major cell types to achieve a comprehensive quantitative description of cellular turnover. We found a total cellular mass turnover of 80 ± 20 grams per day, dominated by blood cells and gut epithelial cells. In terms of cell numbers, close to 90% of the (0.33 ± 0.02) × 10 12 cells per day turnover was blood cells.
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“The cell types that build each organ are subject to different turnover rates. Some differentiated cell types can last a lifetime, such as neurons in the brain or cardiomyocytes in the heart. Other differentiated cell types are continuously lost and replenished quickly, such as red blood cells, monocytes and epithelial cells of the skin and intestine2.”
From Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
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Additional file 10 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578769
Additional file 4 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578751
Additional file 1 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578742
Additional file 2 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578745
Additional file 16 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578787
Additional file 15 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578784
Additional file 7 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578760
Additional file 17 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578790
Additional file 6 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578757
Additional file 1 of Loss of Y in leukocytes as a risk factor for critical COVID-19 in men
Bruhn‐Olszewska, B., Davies, H., Sarkisyan, D., Juhas, U., Rychlicka-Buniowska, E., Wójcik, M., Horbacz, M., Jąkalski, M., Olszewski, P., Westholm, J. O., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22599859
Additional file 3 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578748
Additional file 14 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578781
Additional file 19 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578796
Additional file 9 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578766
Additional file 13 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578778
Additional file 18 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578793
Additional file 12 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578775
Additional file 8 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578763
Additional file 5 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578754
Additional file 11 of Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., De Martino, S., Cis, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578772
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A DNA mass conservation mechanism underpins cellular mtDNA number regulationPreprint
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Maintaining and Restoring Dynamic States of Tissue Homeostasis
Ситдикова, К. К., Черкашенко, В. Н., & Saburina, I. N. (2026) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086425601541
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sender, R., & Milo, R.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Milo, Ron
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-48
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W3120885077
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 23
- FWCI
- 24.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (Grant 740/16)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- cell turnover, cell death, tissue regeneration, blood cells, intestinal epithelial cells, cell lifespan, human body, cell number
- MeSH terms
- Blood Cells, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Cellular Senescence
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