Cited by 420Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsSingle-cell and spatial transcriptomicsEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body

Sender, Ron, Milo, Ron·2021·Nature Medicine

DOI 10.1038/s41591-020-01182-9

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We integrated ubiquity, mass and lifespan of all major cell types to achieve a comprehensive quantitative description of cellular turnover. We found a total cellular mass turnover of 80 ± 20 grams per day, dominated by blood cells and gut epithelial cells. In terms of cell numbers, close to 90% of the (0.33 ± 0.02) × 10 12 cells per day turnover was blood cells.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41591-020-01182-9

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 · Cited by 5,425
Self-citation
A Mammalian microRNA Expression Atlas Based on Small RNA Library Sequencing
Landgraf, P., Rusu, M., Sheridan, R., Sewer, A., Iovino, N., Aravin, A., Pfeffer, S., Rice, A., Kamphorst, A. O., Landthaler, M., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040 · Cited by 3,626
The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution
Aiello, L. C., & Wheeler, P. (1995) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/204350 · Cited by 2,291
Are We Really Vastly Outnumbered? Revisiting the Ratio of Bacterial to Host Cells in Humans
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.013 · Cited by 2,050
Self-citation
Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values
Valentin, J. (2002) · Annals of the ICRP · doi:10.1016/s0146-6453(03)00002-2 · Cited by 2,024
Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions
Tomasetti, C., & Vogelstein, B. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260825 · Cited by 1,927
Report of the task group on reference man
(1979) · Annals of the ICRP · doi:10.1016/0146-6453(79)90123-4 · Cited by 1,715
Modulation of granulocyte survival and programmed cell death by cytokines and bacterial products
Colotta, F., Re, F., Polentarutti, N., Sozzani, S., & Mantovani, A. (1992) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v80.8.2012.2012 · Cited by 1,165
An estimation of the number of cells in the human body
Bianconi, E., Piovesan, A., Facchin, F., Beraudi, A., Casadei, R., Frabetti, F., Vitale, L., Pelleri, M. C., Tassani, S., Piva, F., et al. (2013) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.807878 · Cited by 1,012
In vivo labeling with 2H2O reveals a human neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days
Pillay, J., den Braber, I., Vrisekoop, N., Kwast, L. M., de Boer, R. J., Borghans, J. A. M., Tesselaar, K., & Koenderman, L. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-01-259028 · Cited by 873

Show all 62 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Nozick, R. Philosophical Explanations (The Belknap Press, 1981).
Forte, J. G. in Comprehensive Human Physiology From Cellular Mechanisms to Integration (eds Greger, R. & Windhorst, U.) 1239–1258 (Springer-Verlag, 1996).
Apostoaei, A. J. & Trabalka, J. R. Review, synthesis and application of information on the human lymphatic system to radiation dosimetry for chronic lymphocitic leukemia. 12–39 (SENES Oak Ridge, Inc. Center for Risk Analysis, 2010).

Sorted by citations

Mapping the proteo-genomic convergence of human diseases
Pietzner, M., Wheeler, E., Carrasco-Zanini, J., Cortes, A., Koprulu, M., Wörheide, M. A., Oerton, E., Cook, J., Stewart, I. D., Kerrison, N. D., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj1541 · Cited by 657
Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches
Brunet, A., Goodell, M. A., & Rando, T. A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00510-w · Cited by 407
Reassessing human adipose tissue
Cypess, A. M. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2032804 · Cited by 404
The total mass, number, and distribution of immune cells in the human body
Sender, R., Weiss, Y., Navon, Y., Milo, I., Azulay, N., Keren, L., Fuchs, S., Ben-Zvi, D., Noor, E., & Milo, R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2308511120 · Cited by 300
Self-citation
Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection
Caiado, F., Pietras, E. M., & Manz, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20201541 · Cited by 289
The total number and mass of SARS-CoV-2 virions
Sender, R., Bar‐On, Y. M., Gleizer, S., Bernshtein, B., Flamholz, A. I., Phillips, R., & Milo, R. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2024815118 · Cited by 292
Self-citation
Spatial biology of cancer evolution
Seferbekova, Z., Lomakin, A., Yates, L. R., & Gerstung, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00553-x · Cited by 227
Monitoring and adapting cancer treatment using circulating tumor DNA kinetics: Current research, opportunities, and challenges
Sanz‐García, E., Stutheit-Zhao, E. Y., Bratman, S. V., & Siu, L. L. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi8618 · Cited by 196
Gasdermins and pyroptosis in the kidney
Elias, E. E., Lyons, B., & Muruve, D. A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-022-00662-0 · Cited by 206
Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases
Ji, S., Xiong, M., Chen, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Hong, Y., Wang, M., Wang, C., Fu, X., & Sun, X. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5 · Cited by 172
The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Mattox, A. K., Douville, C. B., Wang, Y., Popoli, M., Ptak, J., Silliman, N., Dobbyn, L., Schaefer, J., Lu, S., Pearlman, A. H., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1252 · Cited by 174
Oxidative stress and regeneration
Jaganjac, M., Milković, L., Žarković, N., & Žarković, K. (2022) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.004 · Cited by 162
Durability of transgene expression after rAAV gene therapy
Muhuri, M., Lévy, D., Schulz, M., McCarty, D. M., & Gao, G. (2022) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.004 · Cited by 160
Bridging biological cfDNA features and machine learning approaches
Moser, T., Kühberger, S., Lazzeri, I., Vlachos, G., & Heitzer, E. (2023) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2023.01.004 · Cited by 133
The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Li, L., Zhong, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Li, M., & Yang, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328324 · Cited by 141
Inflammation in atherosclerosis: Lessons and therapeutic implications
Libby, P., & Soehnlein, O. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.09.012 · Cited by 119
Cell types of origin of the cell-free transcriptome
Vorperian, S. K., Moufarrej, M. N., Tabula Sapiens Consortium, Overall Project Direction and Coordination, Jones, R. C., Karkanias, J., Krasnow, M., Pisco, A. O., Quake, S. R., Salzman, J., et al. (2022) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01188-9 · Cited by 116
Interplay between Cell Death and Cell Proliferation Reveals New Strategies for Cancer Therapy
Loftus, L. V., Amend, S. R., & Pienta, K. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23094723 · Cited by 128
Timing of lifespan influences on brain and cognition
Walhovd, K. B., Lövden, M., & Fjell, A. M. (2023) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.001 · Cited by 112
Metabolic adaptation supports enhanced macrophage efferocytosis in limited-oxygen environments
Wang, Y., Trzeciak, A. J., Rojas, W. S., Saavedra, P. H. V., Chen, Y., Chirayil, R., Etchegaray, J. I., Lucas, C. D., Puleston, D. J., Keshari, K. R., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.005 · Cited by 110
First we eat, then we do everything else: The dynamic metabolic regulation of efferocytosis
Trzeciak, A. J., Wang, Y., & Perry, J. S. A. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.001 · Cited by 109
Clonal hematopoiesis, somatic mosaicism, and age-associated disease
Evans, M. A., & Walsh, K. X. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2022 · Cited by 112
Mucosa-interfacing electronics
Nan, K., Feig, V. R., Ying, B., Howarth, J. G., Kang, Z., Yang, Y., & Traverso, G. (2022) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00477-2 · Cited by 105
IL-33, an Alarmin of the IL-1 Family Involved in Allergic and Non Allergic Inflammation: Focus on the Mechanisms of Regulation of Its Activity
Cayrol, C. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11010107 · Cited by 104
Red Blood Cell Metabolism In Vivo and In Vitro
D’Alessandro, A., Anastasiadi, A. T., Tzounakas, V. L., Nemkov, T. G., Reisz, J. A., Kriebardis, A. G., Zimring, J. C., Spitalnik, S. L., & Busch, M. P. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13070793 · Cited by 105
Role of neutrophils in acute viral infection
Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, L. (2021) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.500 · Cited by 105
An estimate of extracellular vesicle secretion rates of human blood cells
Auber, M., & Svenningsen, P. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Biology · doi:10.1002/jex2.46 · Cited by 102
Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer?
Yi, Y. W., You, K. S., Park, J., Lee, S., & Seong, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010048 · Cited by 100
Targeting Efferocytosis in Inflammaging
Poon, I. K. H., & Ravichandran, K. S. (2023) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032723-110507 · Cited by 100
Hematopoiesis in numbers
Cosgrove, J., Hustin, L., de Boer, R. J., & Perié, L. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.10.006 · Cited by 101
Symbiotic Firmicutes establish mutualism with the host via innate tolerance and resistance to control systemic immunity
Jordan, C. K. I., Brown, R. L., Larkinson, M. L. Y., Sequeira, R. P., Edwards, A. M., & Clarke, T. B. (2023) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.008 · Cited by 90
From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum
Ouellette, J., & Lacoste, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026 · Cited by 91
Multifaceted role of CD14 in innate immunity and tissue homeostasis
Na, K., Oh, B., & Jung, Y. (2023) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.008 · Cited by 98
Microplastics dampen the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells by disrupting the gut microbiota-hypoxanthine-Wnt axis
Jiang, L., Ye, Y., Han, Y., Wang, Q., Lu, H., Li, J., Qian, W., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., et al. (2024) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-024-00665-0 · Cited by 87
Cancer Prevalence across Vertebrates
Compton, Z. T., Mellon, W. J. C., Harris, V. K., Rupp, S. M., Mallo, D., Kapsetaki, S. E., Wilmot, M., Kennington, R., Noble, K., Baciu, C., et al. (2024) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-24-0573 · Cited by 86
Erythrocyte metabolism
Chatzinikolaou, P. N., Margaritelis, N. V., Paschalis, V., Theodorou, A. A., Vrabas, I. S., Kyparos, A., D’Alessandro, A., & Nikolaidis, M. G. (2024) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14081 · Cited by 79
Signalling dynamics, cell decisions, and homeostatic control in health and disease
Valls, P. O., & Esposito, A. (2022) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.011 · Cited by 65
Loss of p53 and mutational heterogeneity drives immune resistance in an autochthonous mouse lung cancer model with high tumor mutational burden
Zhu, M., Kim, J., Deng, Q., Ricciuti, B., Alessi, J. V., Eglenen-Polat, B., Bender, M. E., Huang, H.-C., Kowash, R., Cuevas, I., et al. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.006 · Cited by 66
Standardizing designed and emergent quantitative features in microphysiological systems
Nahon, D. M., Moerkens, R., Aydoğmuş, H., Lendemeijer, B., Martínez-Silgado, A., Stein, J. M., Dostanić, M., Frimat, J., Gontan, C., de Graaf, M. N. S., et al. (2024) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-024-01236-0 · Cited by 65
Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition
Chang, H.-W., Lee, E. M., Wang, Y., Zhou, C., Pruss, K. M., Henrissat, S., Chen, R. Y., Kao, C.-Y., Hibberd, M. C., Lynn, H. M., et al. (2024) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-024-01628-7 · Cited by 60
Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A
Srivastava, A., Abraham, A., Aboobacker, F. N., Singh, G., Geevar, T., Kulkarni, U. P., Selvarajan, S., Korula, A., Dave, R. G., Shankar, M., et al. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2410597 · Cited by 60
Clock Work: Deconstructing the Epigenetic Clock Signals in Aging, Disease, and ReprogrammingPreprint
Levine, M. E., Higgins‐Chen, A., Thrush, K., Minteer, C. J., & Niimi, P. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.13.480245 · Cited by 60
The requirement for pyruvate dehydrogenase in leukemogenesis depends on cell lineage
Jun, S., Mahesula, S., Mathews, T. P., Martin-Sandoval, M. S., Zhao, Z., Piskounova, E., & Agathocleous, M. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.016 · Cited by 58
Lymph node macrophages drive immune tolerance and resistance to cancer therapy by induction of the immune-regulatory cytokine IL-33
Lamorte, S., Quevedo, R., Jin, R., Neufeld, L. A., Liu, Z. Q., Ciudad, M. T., Lukhele, S., Bruce, J. K., Mishra, S. V., Zhang, X., et al. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.02.017 · Cited by 55
An electroadhesive hydrogel interface prolongs porcine gastrointestinal mucosal theranostics
Ying, B., Nan, K., Zhu, Q. C., Khuu, T., Ro, H., Qin, S. L., Wang, S., Jiang, K., Chen, Y., Bao, G., et al. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adq1975 · Cited by 55
Murder on the Ovarian Express: A Tale of Non-Autonomous Cell Death in the Drosophila Ovary
Lebo, D. P. V., & McCall, K. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10061454 · Cited by 53
Prognostic Biomarkers of Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Immunohistochemistry to Molecular Biology Techniques
Kasprzak, A. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15184570 · Cited by 54
Epithelial tissue confinement inhibits cell growth and leads to volume-reducing divisions
Devany, J. M., Falk, M. J., Holt, L. J., Murugan, A., & Gardel, M. L. (2023) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.018 · Cited by 50
Alternative platelet differentiation pathways initiated by nonhierarchically related hematopoietic stem cells
Carrelha, J., Mazzi, S., Winroth, A., Hagemann-Jensen, M., Ziegenhain, C., Högstrand, K., Seki, M., Brennan, M. S., Lehander, M., Wu, B., et al. (2024) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-024-01845-6 · Cited by 53
Genotoxic aldehydes in the hematopoietic system
Wang, M., Dingler, F. A., & Patel, K. J. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019004316 · Cited by 50
Human neutrophil kinetics: a call to revisit old evidence
Koenderman, L., Tesselaar, K., & Vrisekoop, N. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.09.008 · Cited by 52
Arterial dissections: Common features and new perspectives
Bax, M., Romanov, V., Junday, K., Giannoulatou, E., Martinac, B., Kovacic, J. C., Liu, R., Iismaa, S. E., & Graham, R. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1055862 · Cited by 51
Megakaryocyte- and erythroblast-specific cell-free DNA patterns in plasma and platelets reflect thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis levels
Moss, J., Ben‐Ami, R., Shai, E., Gal-Rosenberg, O., Kalish, Y., Klochendler, A., Cann, G. M., Gläser, B., Arad, A., Shemer, R., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43310-2 · Cited by 43
mRNA Vaccines: Why Is the Biology of Retroposition Ignored?
Domazet‐Lošo, T. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13050719 · Cited by 47
Insulin is expressed by enteroendocrine cells during human fetal development
Egozi, A., Llivichuzhca-Loja, D., McCourt, B. T., Halpern, K. B., Farack, L., An, X., Wang, F., Chen, K., Konnikova, L., & Itzkovitz, S. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01586-1 · Cited by 44
Mid-old cells are a potential target for anti-aging interventions in the elderly
Kim, Y. H., Lee, Y., Park, S. S., Park, S. H., Eom, S. Y., Lee, Y., Lee, W. J., Jang, J., Seo, D., Kang, H. Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43491-w · Cited by 44
Gut-brain axis and Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic interventions and strategies
Singh, H., Chopra, C., Singh, H., Malgotra, V., Wani, A. K., Dhanjal, D. S., Sharma, I., Nepovimová, E., Alomar, S. Y., Singh, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2023.105915 · Cited by 43
Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse
Kapadia, C. D., Williams, N., Dawson, K. J., Watson, C. J., Yousefzadeh, M. J., Le, D. T., Nyamondo, K., Kodavali, S., Cagan, A., Waldvogel, S. M., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08625-8 · Cited by 48
On the origin of the functional versatility of macrophages
Bajgar, A., & Krejčová, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1128984 · Cited by 40
Ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion technologies: recent progress, applications, and open questions
Meaker, G. A., & Wilkinson, A. C. (2023) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2023.12.001 · Cited by 38
Graft-versus-host disease: a disorder of tissue regeneration and repair
Chakraverty, R. K., & Teshima, T. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2021011867 · Cited by 38
Maintenance of high-turnover tissues during and beyond homeostasis
Banjac, I., Maimets, M., & Jensen, K. B. (2023) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.008 · Cited by 41
Restoring normal islet mass and function in type 1 diabetes through regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
Krentz, N. A. J., Shea, L. D., Huising, M. O., & Shaw, J. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00170-4 · Cited by 39
Tissue Homeostasis and Non-Homeostasis: From Cell Life Cycles to Organ States
O’Brien, L. E. (2022) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-114855 · Cited by 42
Double-checking chromosome segregation
Maiato, H., & Silva, S. D. R. (2023) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202301106 · Cited by 37
The sculpting of somatic mutational landscapes by evolutionary forces and their impacts on aging‐related disease
Marongiu, F., & DeGregori, J. V. (2022) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13275 · Cited by 38
Xist exerts gene-specific silencing during XCI maintenance and impacts lineage-specific cell differentiation and proliferation during hematopoiesis
Yang, T., Ou, J., & Yildirim, E. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32273-5 · Cited by 36
Host–pathobiont interactions in Crohn’s disease
Caruso, R., Lo, B. C., Chen, G., & Núñez, G. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00997-y · Cited by 35
Epigenetic memory of colitis promotes tumour growth
Nagaraja, S., Ojeda-Miron, L., Zhang, R., Oreskovic, E., Hock, C., Yan, H., Zeve, D., Sharma, K., Hyman, R. R., Zhang, Q., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10258-4 · Cited by 36
DNA methylation and histone variants in aging and cancer
Mangelinck, A., & Mann, C. (2021) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.06.002 · Cited by 35
Whole-genome screens reveal regulators of differentiation state and context-dependent migration in human neutrophils
Belliveau, N. M., Footer, M. J., Akdoğan, E., van Loon, A. P., Collins, S. R., & Theriot, J. A. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41452-x · Cited by 32
Breast cancer immunopeptidomes contain numerous shared tumor antigens
Kina, E., Laverdure, J., Durette, C., Lanoix, J., Courcelles, M., Zhao, Q., Apavaloaei, A., Larouche, J., Hardy, M., Vincent, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci166740 · Cited by 31
Roles of ESCRT-III polymers in cell division across the tree of life
Carlton, J. G., & Baum, B. (2023) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102274 · Cited by 32
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt homeostatic efferocytosis
Saavedra, P. H. V., Trzeciak, A. J., Lipshutz, A. B., Daman, A. W., O’Neal, A. J., Liu, Z.-L., Wang, Z., Romero-Pichardo, J. E., Rojas, W. S., Zago, G., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01107-7 · Cited by 29
Immune phenotypes that are associated with subsequent COVID-19 severity inferred from post-recovery samples
Liechti, T., Iftikhar, Y., Mangino, M., Beddall, M. H., Goss, C. W., O’Halloran, J. A., Mudd, P. A., & Roederer, M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34638-2 · Cited by 32
Absolute scaling of single-cell transcriptomes identifies pervasive hypertranscription in adult stem and progenitor cells
Kim, Y., Cho, B., Cook, D. P., Trcka, D., Wrana, J. L., & Ramalho‐Santos, M. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111978 · Cited by 31
Excitable dynamics of flares and relapses in autoimmune diseases
Lebel, Y., Milo, T., Bar, A., Mayo, A., & Alon, U. S. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108084 · Cited by 29
An improved epigenetic counter to track mitotic age in normal and precancerous tissues
Zhu, T., Tong, H., Du, Z., Beck, S., & Teschendorff, A. E. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48649-8 · Cited by 27
Loss of Y in leukocytes as a risk factor for critical COVID-19 in men
Bruhn‐Olszewska, B., Davies, H., Sarkisyan, D., Juhas, U., Rychlicka-Buniowska, E., Wójcik, M., Horbacz, M., Jąkalski, M., Olszewski, P., Westholm, J. O., et al. (2022) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01144-5 · Cited by 28
Cell cycle controls long-range calcium signaling in the regenerating epidermis
Moore, J. L., Bhaskar, D., Gao, F., Matte-Martone, C. C., Du, S., Lathrop, E., Ganesan, S., Shao, L., Norris, R. P., Sanz, N. C., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202302095 · Cited by 28
Theranostic gastrointestinal residence systems
Ying, B., Huang, H., Su, Y., Howarth, J. G., Gu, Z., & Nan, K. (2023) · Device · doi:10.1016/j.device.2023.100053 · Cited by 27
Cellular Stress: Modulator of Regulated Cell Death
Lamichhane, P. P., & Samir, P. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12091172 · Cited by 30
Systems Medicine: Physiological Circuits and the Dynamics of Disease
Alon, U. (2023) · doi:10.1201/9781003356929 · Cited by 27
High-throughput single-cell analysis reveals progressive mitochondrial DNA mosaicism throughout life
Glynos, A., Bozhilova, L. V., Frison, M., Burr, S. P., Stewart, J. B., & Chinnery, P. F. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi4038 · Cited by 26
A Drive to Survive
Nave, K. (2025) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/15519.001.0001 · Cited by 28
A pro-oxidant combination of resveratrol and copper down-regulates multiple biological hallmarks of ageing and neurodegeneration in mice
Pal, K., Raghuram, G. V., Dsouza, J., Shinde, S., Jadhav, V., Shaikh, A., Rane, B., Tandel, H., Kondhalkar, D., Chaudhary, S., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21388-w · Cited by 28
Regeneration following blood loss and acute inflammation proceeds without contribution of primitive HSCs
Munz, C. M., Dressel, N., Chen, M., Grinenko, T., Roers, A., & Gerbaulet, A. (2023) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022018996 · Cited by 28
Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration
Marinkovic, M., Tran, O. N., Wang, H., Azees, P. A. A., Dean, D. D., Chen, X., & Yeh, C. (2023) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-023-00224-5 · Cited by 25
Differential effects of high dose omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism and inflammation in patients with obesity: eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation
Borja-Magno, A. I., Guevara‐Cruz, M., Flores‐López, A., Carrillo‐Domínguez, S., Granados, J., Arias, C., Perry, M., Sears, B., Bourges, H., & Gómez, F. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1156995 · Cited by 25
Systematically Evaluating Cell‐Free DNA Fragmentation Patterns for Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Cancer Detection via Integrating Multiple Fragmentation Patterns
Hou, Y., Meng, X., & Zhou, X. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202308243 · Cited by 24
Cell-free DNA topology depends on its subcellular and cellular origins in cancer
Malkin, E. Z., Michino, S. D. D., Lambie, M., Gill, R., Zhao, Z., Rostami, A., Arruda, A., Minden, M. D., & Bratman, S. V. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.159590 · Cited by 24
Ex vivo and in vivo suppression of SARS-CoV-2 with combinatorial AAV/RNAi expression vectors
Becker, J., Stanifer, M. L., Leist, S. R., Stolp, B., Maiakovska, O., West, A., Wiedtke, E., Börner, K., Ghanem, A., Ambiel, I., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.024 · Cited by 25
Universal lung epithelium DNA methylation markers for detection of lung damage in liquid biopsies
Magenheim, J., Rokach, A., Peretz, A., Loyfer, N., Cann, G. M., Amini, H., Moradi, P. W., Nagaraju, S., Sameer, W., Cohen, A., et al. (2022) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.03056-2021 · Cited by 23
The metabolic rate of the biosphere and its components
Hoehler, T. M., Mankel, D., Girguis, P. R., McCollom, T. M., Kiang, N. Y.-L., & Jørgensen, B. B. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2303764120 · Cited by 25
Distinguishable DNA methylation defines a cardiac-specific epigenetic clock
Mongelli, A., Panunzi, S., Nesta, M., Zamperla, M. G., Atlante, S., Barbi, V., Mongiardini, V., Ferraro, F., Martino, S. D., Cis, L., et al. (2023) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-023-01467-z · Cited by 22
What fraction of cellular DNA turnover becomes cfDNA?
Sender, R., Noor, Ε., Milo, R., & Dor, Y. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89321 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Agents of cancer immunosurveillance: HSPs and dsDNA
Nayak, D. A., & Binder, R. J. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.03.004 · Cited by 22
Mutation or not, what directly establishes a neoplastic state, namely cellular immortality and autonomy, still remains unknown and should be prioritized in our research
Zhu, S., Wang, J., Zellmer, L., Xu, N., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Ma, H., Deng, F., Yang, W., & Liao, D. J. (2022) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.72628 · Cited by 22
A DLG1-ARHGAP31-CDC42 axis is essential for the intestinal stem cell response to fluctuating niche Wnt signaling
Castillo‐Azofeifa, D., Wald, T., Reyes, E. A., Gallagher, A. P., Schanin, J., Vlachos, S., Lamarche‐Vane, N., Bomidi, C., Blutt, S. E., Estes, M. K., et al. (2023) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.008 · Cited by 23
Expression of transglutaminase 2 in human gut epithelial cells: Implications for coeliac disease
Amundsen, S. F., Stamnæs, J., Lundin, K. E. A., & Sollid, L. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287662 · Cited by 21

Authors: Sender, R., & Milo, R.
Affiliations: Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
Corresponding author: Milo, Ron
ORCID: Sender, Ron
Milo, Ron
Venue: Nature Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-01
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 45-48
ISSN: 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
1546-170X
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01182-9
OpenAlex: W3120885077
Cited by: 420
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 60 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 23
FWCI: 24.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Israel Science Foundation (Grant 740/16)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords: cell turnover, cell death, tissue regeneration, blood cells, intestinal epithelial cells, cell lifespan, human body, cell number
MeSH terms: Blood Cells, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Cellular Senescence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks