The lesson of ivermectin: meta-analyses based on summary data alone are inherently unreliable
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic reviews for ivermectin suggested an impressive benefit of the drug for reducing mortality on the basis of potentially problematic trials, while subsequent high-quality evidence appears to show modest or no benefit.
“During the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic reviews for ivermectin suggested an impressive benefit of the drug for reducing mortality on the basis of potentially problematic trials (25), while subsequent high-quality evidence appears to show modest or no benefit (26, 27).”
From INSPECT-SR: a tool for assessing trustworthiness of randomised controlled trials (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
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2 retracted
Retracted: Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials of Ivermectin to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Hill, A. M., Abdulamir, A., Ahmed, S., Asghar, A., Babalola, O. E., Basri, R., Chaccour, C., Chachar, A. Z. K., Chowdhury, A. T. M., Elgazzar, A., et al. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab358 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
RetractedWITHDRAWN: Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 PandemicPreprint
Elgazzar, A. G., Hani, B. M., Youssef, S. A., Hafez, M., Moussa, H. H., & El-Taweel, A. I. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
RetractedBryant, A., Lawrie, T. A., Dowswell, T., Fordham, E. J., Mitchell, S. A., Hill, S., & Tham, T. (2021) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001402 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Latin America’s embrace of an unproven COVID treatment is hindering drug trials
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Gheibi (2021) · doi:10.4103/1995-7645.318304 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
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- Elgazzar, A. et al. Preprint at https://www.researchsquare.com/ article/rs-100956/v3 (2020).
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- Authors
- Lawrence, J. M., Meyerowitz-Katz, G., Heathers, J. A. J., Brown, N. J. L., & Sheldrick, K. A.
- Affiliations
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- Linnaeus University (SE)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sheldrick, Kyle A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2021-09-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1853-1854
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W3201621697
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 10.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- ivermectin, COVID-19 pandemic, meta-analysis, summary data, evidence synthesis, publication bias, unpublished trials, trial quality, COVID-19 treatment
- MeSH terms
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Antiparasitic Agents, Humans, Insecticides, Ivermectin, Inappropriate Prescribing, Prescription Drug Misuse
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