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Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Open access
Vakaniaki, Emmanuel Hasivirwe, Kacita, Cris, Kinganda-Lusamaki, Eddy, O’Toole, Áine, Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, Amuri-Aziza, Adrienne, Malyamungu-Bubala, Nadine, Mweshi-Kumbana, Franklin, Mutimbwa-Mambo, Léandre, Belesi-Siangoli, Freddy, Mujula, Yves, Parker, Edyth, Muswamba-Kayembe, Pauline-Chloé, Nundu, Sabin S., Lushima, Robert S., Makangara-Cigolo, Jean-Claude, Mulopo-Mukanya, Noella, Pukuta-Simbu, Elisabeth, Akil-Bandali, Prince, Kavunga, Hugo, Abdramane, Ombotimbe, Brosius, Isabel, Bangwen, Eugene, Vercauteren, Koen, Sam-Agudu, Nadia A., Mills, Edward J., Tshiani-Mbaya, Olivier, Hoff, Nicole A., Rimoin, Anne W., Hensley, Lisa E., Kindrachuk, Jason, Baxter, Cheryl, de Oliveira, Tulio, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Peeters, Martine, Delaporte, Eric, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, Mohr, Emma L., Sullivan, Nancy J., Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, Nachega, Jean B., Rambaut, Andrew, Liesenborghs, Laurens, Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide·2024·Nature Medicine

Abstract

Outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) have historically resulted from zoonotic spillover of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central Africa and clade II MPXV in West Africa. In 2022, subclade IIb caused a global epidemic linked to transmission through sexual contact. Here we describe the epidemiological and genomic features of an mpox outbreak in a mining region in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, caused by clade I MPXV. Surveillance data collected between September 2023 and January 2024 identified 241 suspected cases. Genomic analysis demonstrates a distinct clade I lineage divergent from previously circulating strains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Of the 108 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed mpox cases, the median age of individuals was 22 years, 51.9% were female and 29% were sex workers, suggesting a potential role for sexual transmission. The predominance of APOBEC3-type mutations and the estimated emergence time around mid-September 2023 imply recent sustained human-to-human transmission.

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Metadata

Authors
Vakaniaki, E. H., Kacita, C., Kinganda-Lusamaki, E., O’Toole, Á., Wawina-Bokalanga, T., Mukadi-Bamuleka, D., Amuri-Aziza, A., Malyamungu-Bubala, N., Mweshi-Kumbana, F., Mutimbwa-Mambo, L., Belesi-Siangoli, F., Mujula, Y., Parker, E., Muswamba-Kayembe, P.-C., Nundu, S. S., Lushima, R. S., Makangara-Cigolo, J.-C., Mulopo-Mukanya, N., Pukuta-Simbu, E., Akil-Bandali, P., Kavunga, H., Abdramane, O., Brosius, I., Bangwen, E., Vercauteren, K., Sam-Agudu, N. A., Mills, E. J., Tshiani-Mbaya, O., Hoff, N. A., Rimoin, A. W., Hensley, L. E., Kindrachuk, J., Baxter, C., de Oliveira, T., Ayouba, A., Peeters, M., Delaporte, E., Ahuka-Mundeke, S., Mohr, E. L., Sullivan, N. J., Muyembe-Tamfum, J.-J., Nachega, J. B., Rambaut, A., Liesenborghs, L., & Mbala-Kingebeni, P.
Venue
Nature Medicine
Published
2024-06-13
Volume
30
Issue
10
Pages
2791-2795
ISSN
  • 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-170X
OpenAlex
W4399604997
Cited by
404
References
13
FWCI
82.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41591-024-03130-3
The paper
Vakaniaki, E. H., Kacita, C., Kinganda-Lusamaki, E., O’Toole, Á., Wawina-Bokalanga, T., Mukadi-Bamuleka, D., Amuri-Aziza, A., Malyamungu-Bubala, N., Mweshi-Kumbana, F., Mutimbwa-Mambo, L., Belesi-Siangoli, F., Mujula, Y., Parker, E., Muswamba-Kayembe, P.-C., Nundu, S. S., Lushima, R. S., Makangara-Cigolo, J.-C., Mulopo-Mukanya, N., Pukuta-Simbu, E., . . . Mbala-Kingebeni, P. (2024). Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03130-3

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.