CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 91Algal biology and biofuel productionLipid metabolism and biosynthesisMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

Bioenergy application of Dunaliella salina SA 134 grown at various salinity levels for lipid production

Open access
Ahmed, Rajper Aftab, He, Meilin, Aftab, Rajper Asma, Zheng, Shiyan, Nagi, Mostafa, Bakri, Ramadan, Wang, Changhai·2017·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-07540-xPMC PMC5556107
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The biofuels are receiving considerable attention as a substitute for petro diesel. For microalgae, the cell density or biomass and lipid contents are key components for biodiesel production. This study was conducted to develop favorable culture conditions for Dunaliella salina to maximize its biomass and lipid accumulation. The effect of salinity (0.5 to 2.5 M NaCl) on the cell population, biochemical composition, and lipid output of Dunaliella salina was examined under a controlled environment for 21 days. Maximum growth (6.57 × 10 7 to 7.17 × 10 7 cells mL−1) potentials were observed at 1.5 to 2 M NaCl. The photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates also showed trends similar to growth. The maximum carotenoid level (5.16 mg L−1) was recorded at 2 M NaCl. Almost all physicochemical parameters increased with increases in salinity, biomass (1231.66 ± 1.26 mg L−1) and lipid content (248.33 mg L−1), as recorded at 2 M NaCl. Based on fluorescence intensity, the highest values (11.84 × 10 7 cells/ml) of neutral lipids and total lipids (22.28%) were recorded at optimum salinity levels. The present study suggests that a high biomass and lipid accumulation of Dunaliella salina SA 134 could be obtained at the 2 M NaCl level.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41598-017-07540-x

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The lipid content of C. reinhardtii, A. dimorphus, C. vulgaris, and Acutodesmus obliquus increases when exposed to concentrations exceeding 0.1 M NaCl.

    “The lipid content of various microalgae species such as C. reinhardtii, A. dimorphus, C. vulgaris, and Acutodesmus obliquus has been found to increase when exposed to concentrations exceeding 0.1 M NaCl [66, 126–128].”

    From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [66]

    The Results section, “Influence of salinity on D. salina biomass and lipid production” (page unavailable), reports increased lipid percentage under salt stress, but the experiment concerns Dunaliella salina at 0.5–2.5 M NaCl. The paper does not establish the claimed response above 0.1 M NaCl for the four named species; its Introduction table lists lipid contents for some species without linking them to salinity. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 60 · Cited by 91

Research works printed but not linked: 51

  1. [1]Agency, I. E. World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights Complete Edition - ISBN 9264027300. Sourceoecd Energy674(674) (2007).
  2. [2]Patil V Tran KQ Towards sustainable production of biofuels from microalgae International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008 9 1188 10.3390/ijms9071188 19325798 PMC2635721 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [5]Thakur V Biodiesel - An Alternative Method for Energy Crisis: A Review Journal of Biological and Chemical Chronicles 2016 2 14 26
  4. [6]Yang C Jia L Chen C Liu G Fang W Bio-oil from hydro-liquefaction of Dunaliella salina over Ni/REHY catalyst Bioresource technology 2011 102 4580 4584 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.111 21262568 · DOI
  5. [8]Chisti Y Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol Trends in biotechnology 2008 26 126 131 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.002 18221809 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [11]Walker TL Purton S Becker DK Collet C Microalgae as bioreactors Plant cell reports 2005 24 629 641 10.1007/s00299-005-0004-6 16136314 · DOI
  7. [12]Chisti Y Biodiesel from microalgae Biotechnology advances 2007 25 294 306 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001 17350212 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [14]Ndimba BK Biofuels as a sustainable energy source: an update of the applications of proteomics in bioenergy crops and algae Journal of proteomics 2013 93 234 244 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.041 23792822 · DOI
  9. [15]Guan W Quantitative analysis of fatty-acid-based biofuels produced by wild-type and genetically engineered cyanobacteria by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Journal of Chromatography A 2011 1218 8289 8293 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.043 21982444 · DOI
  10. [16]Tsai DD-W Ramaraj R Chen PH Growth condition study of algae function in ecosystem for CO2 bio-fixation Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2012 107 27 34 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.11.005 22196805 · DOI
  11. [17]Kumar K Dasgupta CN Nayak B Lindblad P Das D Development of suitable photobioreactors for CO2 sequestration addressing global warming using green algae and cyanobacteria Bioresource technology 2011 102 4945 4953 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.054 21334885 · DOI · Paper page
  12. [18]Al-Qasmi, M., Raut, N., Talebi, S., Al-Rajhi, S. & Al-Barwani, T. In Proceedings of the world congress on engineering. 4–6 (2012)
  13. [20]Um B-H Kim Y-S Review: A chance for Korea to advance algal-biodiesel technology Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2009 15 1 7 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.08.002 · DOI
  14. [21]Li Y Horsman M Wang B Wu N Lan CQ Effects of nitrogen sources on cell growth and lipid accumulation of green alga Neochloris oleoabundans Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2008 81 629 636 10.1007/s00253-008-1681-1 18795284 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [22]Sialve B Bernet N Bernard O Anaerobic digestion of microalgae as a necessary step to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable Biotechnology advances 2009 27 409 416 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.03.001 19289163 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [23]Wiley, P. S. Photosynthetic and oxidative stress in the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta: The effects of UV-B and UV-A radiation, University of new hampshire (2009).
  17. [24]Fisher M Pick U Zamir A A Salt-Induced 60-Kilodalton Plasma Membrane Protein Plays a Potential Role in the Extreme Halotolerance of the Alga Dunaliella Plant Physiology 1994 106 1359 1365 10.1104/pp.106.4.1359 12232413 PMC159673 · DOI
  18. [25]Borowitzka LJ Brown AD The salt relations of marine and halophilic species of the unicellular green alga, Dunaliella. The role of glycerol as a compatible solute Archives of Microbiology 1974 96 37 52 10.1007/BF00590161 4152062 · DOI
  19. [26]Raja R Hemaiswarya S Rengasamy R Exploitation of Dunaliella for beta-carotene production Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 2007 74 517 523 10.1007/s00253-006-0777-8 17225103 · DOI · Paper page
  20. [27]Ben-Amotz, A. & Avron, M. Dunaliella: physiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology (CRC press, 1992).
  21. [28]Ben-Amotz A Avron M On the Factors Which Determine Massive beta-Carotene Accumulation in the Halotolerant Alga Dunaliella bardawil Plant Physiology 1983 72 593 597 10.1104/pp.72.3.593 16663050 PMC1066285 · DOI
  22. [29]Alhasan RH Ghannoum MA Sallal AKJ Abuelteen KH Radwan SS Correlative Changes of Growth, Pigmentation and Lipid Composition of Dunaliella salina in Response to Halostress Microbiology 1987 133 2607 2616 10.1099/00221287-133-9-2607 · DOI
  23. [30]Wiley, P. S. Photosynthetic and oxidative stress in the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta: The effects of UV-B and UV-A radiation. Dissertations & Theses - Gradworks (2009).
  24. [31]Lawson KA Response: Re: Multivitamin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the National Institutes of Health—AARP Diet and Health Study Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2007 99 1492 1493 10.1093/jnci/djm139 17505071 · DOI
  25. [32]Mendoza TC Are biofuels really beneficial for humanity Philippine Journal of Crop Science 2007 32 85 100
  26. [33]Heidari R Riahi H Saadatmand S Effects of salt and irradiance stress on photosynthetic pigments and proteins in Dunaliella salina teodoresco Journal of sciences islamic republic of IRAN 2000 11 73 78
  27. [34]Tomaselli, L. et al. In Twelfth international seaweed symposium. Springer, 79–82 (1987).
  28. [35]Bremauntz P Fernández-Linares LC Cañizares-Villanueva RO Osmotic Stress Effect over Carbohydrate Production in a Native Starin of Scenedesmus sp Natural Resources 2014 5 5 10.4236/nr.2014.51002 · DOI
  29. [36]Kirrolia A Bishnoi N Singh N Salinity as a factor affecting the physiological and biochemical traits of Scenedesmus quadricauda Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization 2011 2 28 34
  30. [38]Yao S Brandt A Egsgaard H Gjermansen C Neutral lipid accumulation at elevated temperature in conditional mutants of two microalgae species Plant physiology and biochemistry 2012 61 71 79 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.09.007 23085584 · DOI
  31. [39]Georgianna DR Mayfield SP Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels Nature 2012 488 329 335 10.1038/nature11479 22895338 · DOI
  32. [40]Salama E-S Biomass, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of freshwater Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus grown under salt stress Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 2013 36 827 833 10.1007/s00449-013-0919-1 23411874 · DOI
  33. [41]Farhat N Optimization of salt concentrations for a higher carotenoid production in dunaliella salina (chlorophyceae) 1 Journal of phycology 2011 47 1072 1077 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01036.x 27020189 · DOI
  34. [42]Muñoz J Mudge SM Sandoval A Effects of ionic strength on the production of short chain volatile hydrocarbons by Dunaliella salina (Teodoresco) Chemosphere 2004 54 1267 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.019 14664856 · DOI
  35. [43]Nikookar K Moradshahi A Kharati M Influence of salinity on the growth, pigmentation and ascorbate peroxidase activity of dunaliella salina isolated from maharlu salt lake in shiraz Iranian Journal Of science & Technology 2004 28 117 125
  36. [44]Takagi M Yoshida T Effect of salt concentration on intracellular accumulation of lipids and triacylglyceride in marine microalgae Dunaliella cells Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 2006 101 223 226 10.1263/jbb.101.223 16716922 · DOI
  37. [45]Fazeli, M. R., Tofighi, H., Samadi, N. & Jamalifar, H. Carotenoids accumulation by dunaliella tertiolecta (lake urmia isolate) and dunaliella salina (ccap 19/18 & wt) under stress conditions. Daru Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences14 (2012).
  38. [46]García F Freile-Pelegrín Y Robledo D Physiological characterization of Dunaliella sp. (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) from Yucatan, Mexico Bioresource Technology 2007 98 1359 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.051 16949279 · DOI
  39. [47]Johnson MK Johnson EJ Macelroy RD Speer HL Bruff BS Effects of Salts on the Halophilic Alga Dunaliella viridis Journal of Bacteriology 1968 95 1461 1468 5646631 PMC315107
  40. [48]Jahnke LS White AL Long-term hyposaline and hypersaline stresses produce distinct antioxidant responses in the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta Journal of Plant Physiology 2003 160 1193 1202 10.1078/0176-1617-01068 14610888 · DOI
  41. [49]Ye ZW Jiang JG Wu GH Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: progresses and prospects Biotechnology advances 2008 26 352 360 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.03.004 18486405 · DOI · Paper page
  42. [50]Warr S Reed R Chudek J Foster R Stewart W Osmotic adjustment in Spirulina platensis Planta 1985 163 424 429 10.1007/BF00395153 24249416 · DOI
  43. [51]Yao S Neutral lipid production in Dunaliella salina Journal of Applied Phycology 2016 28 2167 2175 10.1007/s10811-016-0794-7 · DOI
  44. [52]Lu C Hills MJ Arabidopsis mutants deficient in diacylglycerol acyltransferase display increased sensitivity to abscisic acid, sugars, and osmotic stress during germination and seedling development Plant Physiology 2002 129 1352 1358 10.1104/pp.006122 12114588 PMC166528 · DOI
  45. [53]Du, Z. Y. & Benning, C. Lipids in Plant and Algae Development. 179–205 (Springer, 2016).
  46. [54]Hounslow E Vijay Kapoore R Vaidyanathan S James Gilmour D C Wright P The search for a lipid trigger: The effect of salt stress on the lipid profile of the model microalgal species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for biofuels production Current Biotechnology 2016 5 305 313 10.2174/2211550105666160322234434 28409092 PMC5361176 · DOI · Paper page
  47. [55]Davidi L Shimoni E Khozin-Goldberg I Zamir A Pick U Origin of β-carotene-rich plastoglobuli in Dunaliella bardawil Plant physiology 2014 164 2139 2156 10.1104/pp.113.235119 24567188 PMC3982768 · DOI
  48. [56]Converti A Casazza AA Ortiz EY Perego P Del Borghi M Effect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 2009 48 1146 1151 10.1016/j.cep.2009.03.006 · DOI · Paper page
  49. [57]Oren, A. Glycerol metabolism in hypersaline environments. Environmental microbiology (2016). 27511298
  50. [58]Wellburn, A. & Lichtenthaler, H. Advances in photosynthesis research. 9–12 (Springer, 1984).
  51. [59]Liu ZY Wang GC Zhou BC Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris Bioresource technology 2008 99 4717 4722 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.073 17993270 · DOI

Authors
Ahmed, R. A., He, M., Aftab, R. A., Zheng, S., Nagi, M., Bakri, R., & Wang, C.
Affiliations
Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
Corresponding author
Wang, Changhai
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-08-14
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
8118-8118
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-07540-x
PMC
PMC5556107
OpenAlex
W2744639545
Cited by
91
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4
FWCI
1.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500318)
  • Government of Jiangsu Province
  • Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20140713)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Keywords
Dunaliella salina, salt stress, NaCl concentration, microalgae, lipid accumulation, biodiesel, microalgal biomass, carotenoids, photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence intensity, neutral lipids, culture condition optimization
MeSH terms
Chlorophyceae, Carbohydrates, Carotenoids, Lipids, Photosynthesis, Pigments, Biological, Sodium Chloride, Biomass, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Salinity, Biofuels, Microalgae

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review