Insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of NADH on the αγ heterodimer of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
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Abstract Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate in the citric acid cycle. In the α2βγ heterotetramer of NAD-IDH, the γ subunit plays the regulatory role and the β subunit the structural role. Previous biochemical data have shown that mammalian NAD-IDHs can be inhibited by NADH; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this work, we show that the αβ, αγ and α2βγ enzymes of human NAD-IDH can be inhibited by NADH, and further determine the crystal structure of the αγ heterodimer bound with an Mg2+ and an NADH at the active site and an NADH at the allosteric site, which resembles that of the inactive αMgγ heterodimer. The NADH at the active site occupies the binding site for NAD+ and prevents the binding of the cofactor. The NADH at the allosteric site occupies the binding sites for ADP and citrate and blocks the binding of the activators. The biochemical data confirm that the NADH binding competes with the binding of NAD+ and the binding of citrate and ADP, and the two effects together contribute to the NADH inhibition on the activity. These findings provide insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of the αγ heterodimer by NADH.
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All three regulatory enzymes (CS, IDH, OGDH) undergo allosteric inhibition by high levels of NADH.
“All three enzymes undergo allosteric inhibition by high levels of NADH (41, 133).”
From Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle (2023) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Hu, L., Ma, T., Yang, J., & Ding, J.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ding, Jianping
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-02-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3146-3146
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5816668
- OpenAlex
- W2791425916
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31530013, 31521061)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB08010302)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Keywords
- NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADH inhibition, allosteric inhibition, TCA cycle, enzyme crystal structure, NAD+ binding site, ADP binding site, allosteric site, enzyme regulation
- MeSH terms
- Allosteric Site, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Kinetics, Models, Molecular, NAD, Catalytic Domain, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Protein Multimerization
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