Transcriptome Analysis of Circulating PBMCs to Understand Mechanism of High Altitude Adaptation in Native Cattle of Ladakh Region
Open accessAbstract
Ladakhi cattle is native population of Leh and Ladakh region and constantly exposed to hypobaric hypoxia over many generations. In present study, transcriptome signatures of cattle from Ladakh region (~5500 m) and Sahiwal cattle from tropical regions were evaluated using Agilent 44 K microarray chip. The top up-regulated genes in Ladakhi cows were INHBC, ITPRI, HECA, ABI3, GPR171, and HIF-1α involved in hypoxia and stress response. In Sahiwal cows, the top up-regulated genes eEF1A1, GRO1, CXCL2, DEFB3 and BOLA-DQA3 were associated with immune function and inflammatory response indicating their strong immune potential to combat the pathogens prevalent in the tropical conditions. The molecular pathways highly impacted were MAPK signaling, ETC, apoptosis, TLR signaling and NF- kB signaling pathway indicating signatures of adaptive evolution of these two cattle types in response to diverse environments. Further, qPCR analysis revealed increased expression of DEGs such as HIF-1, EPAS-1, VEGFA, NOS2, and GLUT-1/SLC2A1 in cattle types from high altitude suggesting their pivotal role in association with high altitude adaptation. Based on data generated, native cattle of Ladakh region was found to be genetically distinct from native cattle adapted to the tropical region of India.
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DDX23, a heat shock gene, showed up-regulation in Sahiwal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tropical regions relative to Ladakhi cattle from hypobaric hypoxia regions.
“DDX23, a heat shock gene, showed up-regulation in Sahiwal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tropical regions relative to Ladakhi cattle from hypobaric hypoxia regions [108,109].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
The Results section reports that DDX23 was expressed 2.45-fold higher in Sahiwal PBMCs, supporting the direction and comparison. It lists DDX23 among DEAD-box genes, separately from heat-shock-family genes; the Discussion associates the DEAD-box genes with RNA metabolism. The source therefore does not support calling DDX23 a heat shock gene. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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References 56 · Cited by 63
- Authors
- Verma, P., Sharma, A., Sodhi, M., Thakur, K., Kataria, R. S., Niranjan, S. K., Bharti, V. K., Kumar, P., Giri, A., Kalia, S., & Mukesh, M.
- Affiliations
- Singhania University (IN)
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (IN)
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Mukesh, Manishi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-05-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7681-7681
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5955995
- OpenAlex
- W2803151305
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- high-altitude adaptation, Sahiwal cattle, hypobaric hypoxia, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, transcriptome, HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOS2, GLUT1, immune response genes, MAPK signaling, NF-κB signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, apoptosis, adaptive evolution, indigenous cattle breeds
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Altitude, Animals, Hypoxia, Blood Proteins, Cattle, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Gene Expression Profiling, Transcriptome
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