Somatic symptom load in men and women from middle to high age in the Gutenberg Health Study - association with psychosocial and somatic factors
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The purpose of the study was (1) to determine the prevalence of somatic symptoms in men and women in the general population and (2) to identify the contributions of psychosocial factors and somatic disease on symptom reporting. A total of 7,925 participants aged 40 to 80 years underwent medical and psychological assessments, based on the PHQ-15 (Patient Health Questionnaire). We excluded 3 items in order to avoid confounding findings: 2 items overlapping with the depression measure (PHQ-9) and the menstruation complaints item which biases sex comparisons. Pain complaints (arms, legs, joints, back pain) affected the majority of men and women, and somatic symptom reporting increased with age. When confounding has been reduced, psychosocial factors (lack of social support, adverse life events, loneliness, depression, generalized anxiety, panic, social phobia) have remained the strongest predictors of somatic symptoms. As shown by the interaction between sex and depression, depression plays a smaller role for somatic symptom reporting in women vs. men. Findings highlight the complex psychosocial and somatic contributions to somatic symptom reporting.
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Stress can undermine health by increasing the number and severity of somatic symptoms, the probability of infection and severity of symptoms following exposure to a cold virus, and systemic inflammation.
“Stress can undermine health in many ways, for example, by increasing the number and severity of somatic symptoms,31 the probability of infection and the severity of symptoms following exposure to a cold virus,32 and systemic inflammation.33”
From Social Media Use and Its Link to Physical Health Indicators (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Beutel, M. E., Wiltink, J., Ghaemi Kerahrodi, J., Tibubos, A. N., Brähler, E., Schulz, A., Wild, P., Münzel, T., Lackner, K., König, J., Pfeiffer, N., Michal, M., & Henning, M.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Henning, Michaela
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-03-14
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4610-4610
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6418216
- OpenAlex
- W2921528048
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 6.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz für Innovation (AZ 961‐386261/733, 961‐386261/733)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- somatic symptoms, sex differences, psychosocial factors, social support, life events, loneliness, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, pain complaints, age differences, PHQ-15, Gutenberg Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Anxiety, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Somatoform Disorders, Prevalence
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