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Presence of Histatin-1 in Human Tears and Association with Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study

Kalmodia, Sushma, Son, Kyung-No, Cao, Dingcai, Lee, Bao-Shiang, Surenkhuu, Bayasgalan, Shah, Dhara, Ali, Marwan, Balasubramaniam, Arun, Jain, Sandeep, Aakalu, Vinay Kumar·2019·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-46623-9PMC PMC6635511
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Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine if histatin-1 (H1) is present in normal human tears and whether tear levels of H1 varied between normal patients and those with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE). Patient samples were obtained from 11 normal patients and 11 severe ADDE patients. Relevant patient characteristics, including age, sex, and dry eye disease (DED) diagnostic parameters were collected. Multiple qualitative and quantitative methods were used to compare the concentration of H1 between patient groups. Mixed linear modeling was used to compare H1 levels between groups, and diagnostic performance was assessed using the receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC). ADDE patients had significantly lower H1 concentrations (85.9 ± 63.7 ng/ml) than the normal group (891.6 ± 196.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.001), while controlling for age and sex. ROC analysis indicated that H1 concentration is potentially a biomarker for ADDE (area under curve = 0.96). Reclassification of patients by DED parameters including, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) (≤13, >13) and Schirmer I (without anesthesia) (<10 mm, ≥10 mm) showed significant differences in H1 level (OSDI, p = 0.004) and Schirmer I ((p = 0.010). In conclusion, this is the first preliminary report of the presence of H1 in human tears. H1 concentrations are lower in ADDE patients and H1 may have diagnostic potential in evaluation ADDE patients.

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Metadata

Authors
Kalmodia, S., Son, K.-N., Cao, D., Lee, B.-S., Surenkhuu, B., Shah, D., Ali, M., Balasubramaniam, A., Jain, S., & Aakalu, V. K.
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-07-16
Volume
9
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-019-46623-9
PMC
PMC6635511
Cited by
26
References
1
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01 EY023656, R01 EY024966, P30 EY001792, K08 EY024339, R01 EY029409)
  • U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-0122)
  • Research to Prevent Blindness
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX004080)

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