The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Marine heat wave and multiple stressors tip bull kelp forest to sea urchin barrens
Open accessAbstract
Extreme climatic events have recently impacted marine ecosystems around the world, including foundation species such as corals and kelps. Here, we describe the rapid climate-driven catastrophic shift in 2014 from a previously robust kelp forest to unproductive large scale urchin barrens in northern California. Bull kelp canopy was reduced by >90% along more than 350 km of coastline. Twenty years of kelp ecosystem surveys reveal the timing and magnitude of events, including mass mortalities of sea stars (2013-), intense ocean warming (2014–2017), and sea urchin barrens (2015-). Multiple stressors led to the unprecedented and long-lasting decline of the kelp forest. Kelp deforestation triggered mass (80%) abalone mortality (2017) resulting in the closure in 2018 of the recreational abalone fishery worth an estimated $44 M and the collapse of the north coast commercial red sea urchin fishery (2015-) worth $3 M. Key questions remain such as the relative roles of ocean warming and sea star disease in the massive purple sea urchin population increase. Science and policy will need to partner to better understand drivers, build climate-resilient fisheries and kelp forest recovery strategies in order to restore essential kelp forest ecosystem services.
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Cited by
The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean
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“The marine heatwave has also been implicated in affecting the ecology of kelp forests, in part through the rapid increase in purple urchin populations (Rogers‐Bennett and Catton, 2019; McPherson et al ., 2021).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rogers-Bennett, L., & Catton, C. A.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-10-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15050-15050
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2981261505
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 61
- FWCI
- 19.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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