Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of vigna wild relatives
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Abstract
This study provides insights in patterns of distribution of abiotic and biotic stress resilience across Vigna gene pools to enhance the use and conservation of these genetic resources for legume breeding. Vigna is a pantropical genus with more than 88 taxa including important crops such as V. radiata (mung bean) and V. unguiculata (cowpea). Our results show that sources of pest and disease resistance occur in at least 75 percent of the Vigna taxa, which were part of screening assessments, while sources of abiotic stress resilience occur in less than 30 percent of screened taxa. This difference in levels of resilience suggests that Vigna taxa co-evolve with pests and diseases while taxa are more conservative to adapt to climatic changes and salinization. Twenty-two Vigna taxa are poorly conserved in genebanks or not at all. This germplasm is not available for legume breeding and requires urgent germplasm collecting before these taxa extirpate on farm and in the wild. Vigna taxa, which tolerate heat and drought stress are rare compared with taxa, which escape these stresses because of short growing seasons or with taxa, which tolerate salinity. We recommend prioritizing these rare Vigna taxa for conservation and screening for combined abiotic and biotic stress resilience resulting from stacked or multifunctional traits. The high presence of salinity tolerance compared with drought stress tolerance, suggests that Vigna taxa are good at developing salt-tolerant traits. Vigna taxa are therefore of high value for legume production in areas that will suffer from salinization under global climate change.
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One primary challenge in stacking traits is the potential for negative interactions between different genetic modifications.
“One primary challenge in stacking traits is the potential for negative interactions between different genetic modifications (Zonneveld et al., 2020).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zonneveld et al., 2020
The Introduction discusses linkage drag and crossing barriers in breeding, while the Discussion’s “Identification of multifunctional traits” section suggests that Vigna taxa may have accumulated traits that address multiple stresses. Neither passage addresses negative interactions between different genetic modifications when stacking traits; searches for that interaction and for antagonistic trait effects found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Impacts of Abiotic Stresses on Eco-Physiology of Crop in Changing Climate
Rane, J., & Jangid, K. K. (2024) · Advances in global change research · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7935-6_16 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Krylova, E. A., Burlyaeva, М. О., Tvorogova, V. E., & Хлесткина, Е. К. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252011056 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mirzajani, F., Mirzajani, F., & Aelaei, M. (2021) · International Journal of High Dilution Research · doi:10.51910/ijhdr.v20i2-3.1065 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of plant breeding research in Africa
Ogra, I. O., Joshua, S. C., Alimi, A. A., Okpomor, E. O., Ajana, N. B., Adeniji, B. T., Fadiji, T., Eltayeb, A. E., & Opara, U. L. (2026) · Discover Plants. · doi:10.1007/s44372-026-00513-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Safeguarding and Using Fruit and Vegetable Biodiversity
van Zonneveld, M., Volk, G. M., Dulloo, E., Kindt, R., Mayes, S., Quintero, M., Choudhury, D., Achigan-Dako, E. G., & Guarino, L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_30 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Godlove, J., Lyimo, L. D., Tryphone, G. M., Hamisy, W., van Zonneveld, M., & N’Danikou, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1562474 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cisgenic Crops: Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Environment
Neira-Monsalve, E., Serrato, M. L., & Ospina, C. (2023) · Concepts and strategies in plant sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10721-4_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Introduction: Crop Wild Relatives in Plant Breeding
Majeed, S., Chaudhary, M. T., Hulse‐Kemp, A. M., & Azhar, M. T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822137-2.00001-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Starch-dependent sodium accumulation in the leaves of Vigna riukiuensis
Noda, Y., Hirose, A., Wakazaki, M., Sato, M., Toyooka, K., Kawachi, N., Furukawa, J., Tanoi, K., & Naito, K. (2023) · Journal of Plant Research · doi:10.1007/s10265-023-01470-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSalinity Tolerance in Legumes: Classical and Molecular Breeding Perspectives
Jafarullakhan, S. S., Vijayakumar, V., Singh, K. V., Saravanan, N. A., Seshadri, G., Chockalingam, V., Muthurajan, R., Rathinavelu, S., & Sudhagar, R. (2024) · Agricultural sciences. · doi:10.5772/intechopen.114944 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) and Their Potential Role in Improvement of Horticultural Crops
Maurya, P., Kumar, V., Jain, S., Saroj, N., Maurya, S., Mishra, D., & Prasad, K. (2025) · Sustainable development and biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2413-3_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Harnessing functional diversity in the Vigna genus for crop diversification under future climates
Graoui, M. E., Ghanem, M. E., Vile, D., Zerrouk, A., Amri, M., & Marrou, H. (2025) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2025.109658 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Learning from wild Vigna: how should we develop a salt-tolerant crop?
Naito, K., & Wang, F. (2025) · Ikushugaku zasshi · doi:10.1270/jsbbs.25012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of multi-stress resilience in wild and domesticated Cowpea
Meyer, E. D., Cauter, F. V., Vandelook, F. E. A., & de la Peña, E. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-35860-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Crop wild relatives of legumes: evolutionary resources for climate-responsive pre-breeding
Avasiloaiei, D. I., Calara, M., Brezeanu, P. M., Burzo, I., & Brezeanu, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1892793 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Matondo, J. D., Anatoli, A. I., Nyagesera, N. J., & Kilemile, W. H. (2026) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2026.2715259 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wild Genetic Resource in Vegetable Improvement: Applications and Strategies
Harish, B. M., Badiger, S., Chaudhary, D. R., & Kaur, J. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · doi:10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i91295 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Breeding Strategies for Improved Multistress-Resilient Crops
Lokeshkumar, B. M., Snehi, S., Krishanu, Kumar, S., Ravikiran, K. T., Kumar, R., Choudhary, M., Kota, S., Kumar, A., Mann, A., et al. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2508-6_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bondarchuk, O. P., Rakhmetov, D. B., Vergun, O. M., Rakhmetova, S. O., & Daudi, A. M. (2023) · Plant varieties studying and protection · doi:10.21498/2518-1017.19.1.2023.277768
Genetic Markers and Biotechnology
Pathak, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9956-7_21
Nautiyal, M. K., Massey, P., & Bhatt, L. (2024) · Legume Research - An International Journal · doi:10.18805/lr-5269
Manoharan, R., Nair, C. S., Nishanth, D., Subramanian, R., Xie, X., Ren, M., & Jaleel, A. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s497800
Gore, N. T., Mankar, G. D., Shaikh, S. S., Barmukh, R. B., Mundada, P. S., Umdale, S. D., Gayacharan, C., Gaikwad, N. B., Nikam, T. D., Barvkar, V. T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection · doi:10.1007/s10343-025-01158-0
A distance-based framework for assessing the ex-situ conservation status of plants
Graoui, M. E., Ghanem, M. E., Amri, M., & Hijmans, R. J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324820
Ofem, N. P., & Ishii, T. (2026) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-026-03451-w
Potential of Crop Wild Relatives in Developing Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Crop Cultivars
Sharma, J., Bhamare, D., Arora, A. L., Upadhyay, P., Shekhawat, P. K., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., & Saini, D. K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7680-7_2
Genic bioprospecting for stress-resistant designer crops
Bakya, S. V., Manonmani, K., Natarajan, D., Subramanian, A., & Pramitha, L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40401-6.00020-0
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Lv, J., Cui, Y., Wei, J., Gong, Y., & Miao, Y. (2026) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111681
Indurthi, S., Kaur, G., Dutta, R., Saatu, M., Chodasani, B., Amul, Y., Singh, M., Meena, T. K., & Singh, G. (2026) · Functional & Integrative Genomics · doi:10.1007/s10142-026-02037-1
Characterization of the genetic diversity of breeding Cowpea Lines (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Rodríguez, C., Pastrana, I., & Coronado, A. C. M. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Biology · doi:10.1590/1519-6984.309151
- Authors
- van Zonneveld, M., Rakha, M., Tan, S. Y., Chou, Y.-Y., Chang, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Schafleitner, R., Nair, R., Naito, K., & Solberg, S. Ø.
- Affiliations
- World Vegetable Center (TW)
- Genetic Resources Center (JP)
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2020-02-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2111-2111
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7005857
- OpenAlex
- W3005469507
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Government of the United Kingdom
- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung
- Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agricultural pest management studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
- Keywords
- Vigna, wild legume, biotic stress resistance, germplasm conservation, legume breeding, salt tolerance, drought tolerance, heat tolerance, pest and disease resistance, mungbean, cowpea, stacked traits, climate change adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Plant Breeding, Vigna, Conservation of Natural Resources, Gene Pool, Stress, Physiological, Phylogeography, Disease Resistance
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