Effects of pyrolysis temperatures on the structural properties of straw biochar and its adsorption of tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
Open accessAbstract
To investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the adsorption behavior of the emerging organic pollutant tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) on biochar, corn stover was used as raw materials to prepare biochars at different pyrolysis temperatures (250, 350, 500, 700 °C) through limited oxygen carbonization. Elemental analysis, Boehm titration, FTIR, XPS, and other analytical methods were used to reveal the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar and its mechanism of TCIPP adsorption. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of biochar. As the pyrolysis temperature increases, the specific surface area of biochar rises from 3.083 m 2 /g to 435.573 m 2 /g, the pH value increases from 6.60 to 10.66, the mass percentage of C increases from 63.10 to 80.58%, and the mass percentage of O decreases from 26.42 to 9.20%. Additionally, the hydrophobicity and aromaticity of biochar also increase with rising pyrolysis temperature, while its polarity decreases. Boehm titration, FTIR, and XPS analysis showed that the total amount of functional groups on the surface of biochar decreased relatively with increasing temperature. Functional groups such as -OH, C = C/C = O, and C-O-C participated in the adsorption of TCIPP on biochar, and ester groups were produced after adsorption. The adsorption process of TCIPP on biochar fits best with the pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that the adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption, and the main rate-controlling stage is intraparticle diffusion. The isothermal adsorption results were more in line with the Temkin model, indicating that the adsorption process of TCIPP on biochar was mainly surface adsorption. As the pyrolysis temperature increases, the maximum adsorption capacity of biochar increases from 0.8837 mg/g to 2.2574 mg/g. The adsorption process of TCIPP on biochar mainly included pore filling, hydrogen bonding, P-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and electrostatic attraction. Among them, pore filling, P-π interaction, and hydrophobic interaction were significantly enhanced with increasing temperature, while hydrogen bonding was relatively weakened. This study will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the removal of TCIPP from water using biochar adsorption.
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The absence of distinct peaks beyond 3020 cm-1 indicates minimal hydrogen-bonded O-H groups and low residual moisture in high-temperature biochars.
“The absence of distinct peaks beyond 3020 cm -1 indicates minimal hydrogenbonded O-H groups and low residual moisture in high-temperature biochars [94,95].”
From Pilot-Scale Slow Pyrolysis, Post-Heat Treatment, and Self-Heating Performance of Biochar Fuels Derived from Construction, Renovation, and Demolition (CRD) Wood Waste (2026) · cites this paper as [94]
The FTIR discussion in Results and discussion > Properties of biochar (page unavailable) says the O–H peak at 3432 cm−1 weakens as pyrolysis temperature rises and suggests this may result from bound water detaching and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups breaking. It does not report an absence of peaks beyond 3020 cm−1 or establish that residual moisture is low in high-temperature biochars. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe stronger C=C stretching in B800 suggests greater aromatic maturation and hydrophobicity.
“suggesting greater aromatic maturation and hydrophobicity [94].”
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- Authors
- Luo, Q., Deng, Y., Li, Y., He, Q., Wu, H., & Fang, X.
- Affiliations
- Shenyang University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Luo, Qing
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-10-28
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25711-25711
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11519363
- OpenAlex
- W4403809025
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province (2023JH2/101300015)
- Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2203141)
- Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents Project of Shenyang (RC220128)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- biochar, pyrolysis temperature, TCPP, corn stover, adsorption mechanism, surface functional groups, specific surface area, adsorption isotherms, pseudo-second-order kinetics, Temkin isotherm, pore filling, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding
- MeSH terms
- Pyrolysis, Adsorption, Charcoal, Zea mays, Organophosphates, Temperature, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
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