The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuromorphic acoustic sensing using an adaptive microelectromechanical cochlea with integrated feedback
Open accessAbstract
Many speech processing systems struggle in conditions with low signal-to-noise ratios and in changing acoustic environments. Adaptation at the transduction level with integrated signal processing could help to address this; in human hearing, transduction and signal processing are integrated and can be adaptively tuned for noisy conditions. Here we report a microelectromechanical cochlea as a bio-inspired acoustic sensor with integrated signal processing functionality. Real-time feedback is used to tune the sensing and processing properties, and dynamic switching between linear and nonlinear characteristics improves the detection of signals in noisy conditions, increases the sensor dynamic range and enables adaptation to changing acoustic environments. The transition to nonlinear behaviour is attributed to a Hopf bifurcation and we experimentally validate its dependence on sensor and feedback parameters. We also show that output-signal coupling between two coupled sensors can increase the frequency coverage.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Neuromorphic systems—modeled after the spiking logic of biological cochleae—may offer substantial improvements for fieldwork. They deliver orders-of-magnitude energy savings while keeping classification accuracy impressively high”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Lenk et al. 2023
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears
Cherry, E. C. (1953) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1907229 · Cited by 4,774
Mechanics of the Mammalian Cochlea
Robles, L., & Ruggero, M. A. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1305 · Cited by 1,481
Adavanne, S., Politis, A., Nikunen, J., & Virtanen, T. I. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/jstsp.2018.2885636 · Cited by 542
Mechanisms of sound localization in the barn owl (Tyto alba)
Knudsen, E. I., & Konishi, M. (1979) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00663106 · Cited by 419
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
Hudspeth, A. J. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.012 · Cited by 414
Integrating the active process of hair cells with cochlear function
Hudspeth, A. J. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3786 · Cited by 404
Hair Cell Transduction, Tuning, and Synaptic Transmission in the Mammalian Cochlea
Fettiplace, R. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160049 · Cited by 376
Intensity discrimination as a function of frequency and sensation level
Jesteadt, W., Wier, C. C., & Green, D. M. (1977) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.381278 · Cited by 369
Zilany, M. S. A., Bruce, I. C., Nelson, P. C., & Carney, L. H. (2009) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3238250 · Cited by 347
ON MINIMUM AUDIBLE SOUND FIELDS
Sivian, L. J., & White, S. D. (1933) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1915608 · Cited by 294
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M. (eds) Principles of Neural Science 4th edn (Elsevier, 2000).
- van Schaik, A. & Liu, S.-C. AER EAR: a matched silicon cochlea pair with address event representation interface. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers 5, 4213–4216 (2005).
- Liu, S.-C., van Schaik, A., Minch, B. A. & Delbruck, T. Asynchronous binaural spatial audition sensor with 2 × 64 × 4 channel output. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 8, 453–464 (2013).
- Strogatz, S. H. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering (Westview Press, 2000).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuromorphic hardware for somatosensory neuroprostheses
Donati, E., & Valle, G. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44723-3 · Cited by 125
Emerging Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technologies
Liu, T., Mao, Y., Dou, H., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Wu, P., Li, D., & Mu, X. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202408653 · Cited by 75
Iontronics: Neuromorphic Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Ro, Y. G., Na, S., Kim, J., Chang, Y., Lee, S., Kwak, M. S., Jung, S., & Ko, H. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c04885 · Cited by 48
A Reconfigurable Bipolar Image Sensor for High-Efficiency Dynamic Vision Recognition
Yang, J., Cai, Y., Wang, F., Li, S., Zhan, X., Xu, K., He, J., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01190 · Cited by 39
Liu, Z., Chen, J., Jo, M., Viola Vogel, B., Chen, J., Rogers, J. A., & Li, S. (2026) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00391-6 · Cited by 42
Park, M., Yang, J. Y., Yeom, M. J., Bae, B., Baek, Y., Yoo, G., & Lee, K. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh9889 · Cited by 35
A neuromorphic processor with on-chip learning for beyond-CMOS device integration
Greatorex, H., Richter, O., Mastella, M., Cotteret, M., Klein, P., Fabre, M., Rubino, A., Girão, W. S., Chen, J.-R., Ziegler, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61576-6 · Cited by 34
Self-citationNeuromorphic Computing for Smart Agriculture
Lu, S., & Xiao, X. (2024) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture14111977 · Cited by 31
Mechanically Robust Photonic‐Ionic Skin Cross‐Linked by Metal–Imidazole Interactions
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Li, H., Zhang, S., & Niu, W. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202405345 · Cited by 30
Xiao, H., Peng, H., Sun, H., Zhao, Y., Liu, X., & Jiang, C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2023.3327458 · Cited by 23
Ascoli, A., Demirkol, A. Ş., Tetzlaff, R., & Chua, L. O. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3339240 · Cited by 23
Programmable Polymeric‐Interface for Voiceprint Biometrics
Babu, A., Raoul, E., Kassahun, G., Dufour, I., Mandal, D., & Thuau, D. (2023) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202301551 · Cited by 20
Geometry optimization of cantilever-based optical microphones
Tian, S., Chen, P., Jiao, M., Mu, K., Gao, Y., Qiao, Y., Li, L., & Shan, C. (2024) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.519135 · Cited by 19
Bioinspired sensors and applications in intelligent robots: a review
Zhou, Y., Yan, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Lu, P., Yuan, P. F., & He, B. (2024) · Robotic Intelligence and Automation · doi:10.1108/ria-07-2023-0088 · Cited by 21
Intelligent Song Recognition via a Hollow‐Microstructure‐Based, Ultrasensitive Artificial Eardrum
Li, S., Tian, J., Li, K., Xu, K., Zhang, J., Chen, T., Li, Y., Wang, H., Wu, Q., Xie, J., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202405501 · Cited by 17
Bio-inspired acoustic MEMS sensor with tunable resonance frequency
Gubbi, V., Ivanov, T., Ved, K., Lenk, C., & Ziegler, M. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116369 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAdvances in triboelectric nanogenerators in acoustics: Energy harvesting and Sound sensing
Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Sun, X., & Wen, Z. (2024) · Nano Trends · doi:10.1016/j.nwnano.2024.100064 · Cited by 15
Kim, H., Kim, W., & Park, C. (2025) · Device · doi:10.1016/j.device.2025.100848 · Cited by 13
Schmitt, N., Ascoli, A., Messaris, I., Demirkol, A. Ş., Menzel, S., Rana, V., Tetzlaff, R., & Chua, L. O. (2024) · Frontiers in Nanotechnology · doi:10.3389/fnano.2024.1301320 · Cited by 10
Recent progress of neuromorphic sensory and optoelectronic systems
Nam, S., Kang, D., Jo, J., Kang, D., Park, S. K., & Kim, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/adbb33 · Cited by 9
Choi, J., Baek, S., Lee, J., & Park, S. (2025) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ade836 · Cited by 11
Spider silk-inspired environmentally adaptive intelligent graphene artificial throat
Su, Z.-J., Liang, L., Xie, Z., Yang, Y. T., Tao, L., & Ren, T. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.162177 · Cited by 8
Neuromorphic Computing: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Directions
Kamble, G. U., Patil, C. S., Alman, V. V., Kundale, S. S., & Kim, J. H. (2024) · Artificial intelligence · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006712 · Cited by 10
Noise-aware training of neuromorphic dynamic device networks
Manneschi, L., Vidamour, I. T., Stenning, K. D., Swindells, C., Venkat, G., Griffin, D., Gui, L., Sonawala, D., Donskikh, D., Hariga, D., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64232-1 · Cited by 8
Bio-Inspired Information Pathways
Ziegler, M., Mussenbrock, T., & Kohlstedt, H. (2023) · Springer series on bio- and neurosystems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36705-2 · Cited by 7
Self-citationFusion synapse by memristor and capacitor for spiking neuromorphic systems
Kuwahara, T., Oshio, R., Kimura, M., Zhang, R., & Nakashima, Y. (2024) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2024.127792 · Cited by 8
Emerging trends in biosensor and microfluidics integration for inner ear theragnostics
Aghajanloo, B., Nazarnezhad, S., Arshadi, F., Kottapalli, A. G. P., Pastras, C. J., & Asadnia, M. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117588 · Cited by 6
Enabling Tunability of a MEMS Sensor with a Geometric Nonlinearity1
Rolf, H. F. J., & Meurer, T. (2024) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.065 · Cited by 6
Self-citationProgrammable threshold sensing in wireless devices using Ising dynamics
Casilli, N., Kim, S., Hussein, H. M. E., Tetro, R., Colombo, L., Rinaldi, M., Feng, P. X. ‐., Alù, A., & Cassella, C. (2025) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-025-01392-4 · Cited by 5
Rolf, H. F. J., & Meurer, T. (2024) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0217847 · Cited by 5
Self-citationVibration enhancement for fiber-optic acoustic sensors via Helmholtz resonator-membrane synergy
Wei, X., Lyu, H., Zhou, J., Peng, Z., Qiu, H., Qi, W.-H., Gong, S., Shao, L., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119063 · Cited by 5
Bio-inspired, Neuromorphic Acoustic Sensing
Lenk, C., Ved, K., Durstewitz, S., Ivanov, T., Ziegler, M., & Hövel, P. (2023) · Springer series on bio- and neurosystems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36705-2_12 · Cited by 5
Self-citationWang, Y., Tang, F., Liu, B., Wu, Y., Zhang, R., & Ren, H. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117264 · Cited by 5
Experimentally characterising the dynamical landscape of an active MEMS cantilever
Hayashi, S., Cameron, C. J., Gutschmidt, S., Murray, R., & Krauskopf, B. (2025) · Communications Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44172-025-00537-9 · Cited by 4
Intelligent excitation adaptability for full-spectrum real-time vibration isolation
Chen, S., Wang, Y., Wu, Q., Han, H., Cao, D., & Wang, B. (2025) · Communications Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44172-025-00486-3 · Cited by 4
Neuromorphic Near‐Sensor and In‐Sensor Computing Enabled by Next‐Generation Material‐Based Sensors
Jung, S. Y., Kim, G. Y., Kim, S., Seo, H., Lee, S. G., Won, S. M., Rhee, D., & Kang, J. Y. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.75742 · Cited by 3
Rolf, H. F. J., Kumar, R., & Meurer, T. (2024) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.106 · Cited by 3
Self-citationLi, Y., Zhao, R., & Meng, J. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/cjoc.202401006 · Cited by 3
Miniaturized Fabry-Perot fiber-optic microphone based on capillary tube and hydrogel diaphragm
Li, L. P., He, S.-C., Dinh, Q.-T., Wu, Y.-C., Chen, W.-Y., Chen, W., Lai, Y.-H., & Liu, C. (2025) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112582 · Cited by 3
Emulation of Auditory Nerve Adaptation with Bio-Inspired Acoustic Sensor to Extract Sound Features
Durstewitz, S., Lenk, C., Ivanov, T., & Ziegler, M. (2024) · IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS) · doi:10.1109/newcas58973.2024.10666367 · Cited by 3
Self-citationFrequency-selective acoustic sensing using circular PVDF-based artificial basilar membranes
Aghajanloo, B., Moshizi, S. A., Asadnia, M., & Pastras, C. J. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116633 · Cited by 2
Velocity-feedback vs. strain-rate-feedback in active self-oscillating wires
Pu, X., Li, H., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ae16f0 · Cited by 2
Human mimetic sensory-interfaced neuromorphic devices and their training mechanism
Sawant, J. K., Ghode, S. B., Patil, C. S., Kim, J., Mannan, A., Noman, M., Hwang, H., Saqib, Q. M., & Bae, J. (2026) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ae3400 · Cited by 2
Fares, H., Ronchini, M., Zamani, M., Farkhani, H., Chiappalone, M., Neftci, E., & Moradi, F. (2026) · npj Biomedical Innovations. · doi:10.1038/s44385-026-00074-w · Cited by 2
An Adaptive Acoustic Neuromorphic Auditory System
Lenk, C., Ivanov, T., Durstewitz, S., Ved, K., Gubbi, V., & Ziegler, M. (2023) · IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC) · doi:10.1109/nmdc57951.2023.10344205 · Cited by 3
Self-citationDelay-Controlled Frequency Tuning of a MEMS Sensor for Neuromorphic Acoustic Sensing
Rolf, H. F. J., Feketa, P., & Meurer, T. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546435 · Cited by 2
Self-citationBio-Inspired Sensor-Based Sound Pre-Processing for Speech Recognition in Noisy Conditions
Johny, S., Ved, K., Durstewitz, S., Ivanov, T., Ziegler, M., & Lenk, C. (2024) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798207 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCoupling-induced tunability of characteristic frequency, bandwidth and gain of artificial hair cells
Ved, K., Rolf, H. F. J., Ivanov, T., Meurer, T., Ziegler, M., & Lenk, C. (2025) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2025.109260 · Cited by 2
Self-citationData Flow Diagrams of Purchases Process and Internal Control: A Case Study
Lumat, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v15-i5/25222 · Cited by 2
Rolf, H. F. J., Feketa, P., Schaum, A., & Meurer, T. (2025) · Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ade7ac · Cited by 2
Self-citationRetina-inspired spike processing for neuromorphic color recognition
Gong, J., Jin, C., Wang, J., Liu, W., Shi, X., Sun, J., & Yang, J. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0268126 · Cited by 1
Rényi entropy-based detection of North Atlantic right whale gunshot vocalizations
de la Cruz, A., & Seto, M. L. (2026) · JASA Express Letters · doi:10.1121/10.0042199 · Cited by 1
An Adaptive Training Method for Memristive Next Generation Reservoir Computing Systems
Nikiruy, K. E., Petrenyov, I. A., Shkurmanov, A., Ziegler, M., Schneegaß, J., Ivanov, T., Rossetti, D., Corinto, F., Ascoli, A., Demirkol, A. Ş., et al. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE) · doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340217 · Cited by 1
Self-citationRolf, H. F. J., & Meurer, T. (2025) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.038 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAli, R., Islam, A., Rana, M. S., Nasrin, S., Shajol, S. A., & Sadi, A. H. M. S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4676291 · Cited by 1
Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation
Zsebők, S. (2026) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-026-00322-5
“They deliver orders-of-mag-nitude energy savings while keeping classification accuracy impressively high (Lenk et al. 2023; Wu et al. 2019).”
Non-Markovianity-based ultrasensitive parameter estimation
Siltanen, O. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/9zkj-dwxf
FPGA-Based Acceleration for Emerging Neuromorphic Computing Paradigms
López-Asunción, S. (2024) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.82008
Artificial Cilia for 360° Direction‐Sensitive Acoustic Sensing Through Additive Micromanufacturing
Li, Y., Wang, D., Feng, Y., Liu, C., Chen, X., Li, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, X., Liang, S., et al. (2025) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202500192
Chen, N., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Yao, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, P., Shao, J., Li, Q., & Wang, T. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.580183
A Least Squares Based Online Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Artificial Hair Cell Model
Hindistan, C., Selim, E., Bayrak, A., Tatlıcıoğlu, E., & Zergeroğlu, E. (2025) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.12.349
Time-multiplexed Reservoir Computing with Semiconductor Laser Systems
Lüdge, K., & Jaurigue, L. (2026) · Machine intelligence for materials science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-04129-6_18
Durstewitz, S., Schmid, D., Oess, T., Ghazanfari, H., Heiko Neumann, B., Ernst, M. O., & Lenk, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1736957
Self-citationMimicking cochlear pre-processing using critically coupled MEMS sensors
Ved, K., Rolf, H. F. J., Ivanov, T., Meurer, T., Ziegler, M., & Lenk, C. (2026) · Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ae45c9
Self-citationMems Piezoelectric Hydrophone with Flat Sensitivity Based on Bionic Cochlear Structure
Hu, Z., Li, L., Kuang, F., Liu, H. F., Yang, Z., Luo, Y., Yang, B., & Liu, J. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) · doi:10.1109/mems64181.2026.11419326
SpikeEAR: Low-Power Neuromorphic Auditory System for Real-Time Scene Analysis on FPGA
Si, Y., Yu, H., Zhu, Y., Li, S., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., & Gao, D. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-8399-7_11
Hu, Z., Li, L., Kuang, F., Yang, Z., Wang, J., Liu, H. F., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Wen, H., Yang, B., et al. (2026) · IEEE Electron Device Letters · doi:10.1109/led.2026.3687215
Towards real-time neuromorphic radar processing on Loihi 2
Reeb, N., Plank, P., Otte, D., Ott, F., Kasenbacher, G., HIGUCHI, S., Richter, M., Ecke, G. A., Otte, S., & Knoll, A. C. (2026) · Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ae8694
Yu, L., Yang, H., Dai, X., Cui, M., Bai, X., Mo, C., Chen, X., Liu, J., & Yang, B. (2026) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112262
Yuan, Z., Lin, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, Q., Ma, A., Shen, M., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Bai, A., Jing, Z., et al. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.71548
Гречанник, К., & АлисаиДипсик, А. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3116100
Bioinspired amplification mechanisms via micro/nanostructures for ultrasensitive tactile sensing
Lu, J., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Zhu, M., Ma, C., Wang, S., Gao, J., Yu, H., Li, Y., Mu, Z., et al. (2026) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2026.103407
Chen, X. L., Liu, J. Y., Wu, Y. J., Wan, Q., & Lei, X. H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7601460
Memristor‐Based Neuromorphic Computing for Intelligent Sensing and Edge Applications
Li, H., & El‐Atab, N. (2026) · Advanced Computing · doi:10.1002/adco.70014
Metadata
- Authors
- Lenk, C., Hövel, P., Ved, K., Durstewitz, S., Meurer, T., Fritsch, T., Männchen, A., Küller, J., Beer, D., Ivanov, T., & Ziegler, M.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Ilmenau (DE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lenk, Claudia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Electronics
- Published
- 2023-05-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 370-380
- ISSN
- 2520-1131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4382644231
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (434434223)
- Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung (MemWerk)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Keywords
- bio-inspired sensors, feedback control, Hopf bifurcation, low signal-to-noise ratio detection, frequency coverage, speech processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
