The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuromorphic acoustic sensing using an adaptive microelectromechanical cochlea with integrated feedback
Open accessAbstract
Many speech processing systems struggle in conditions with low signal-to-noise ratios and in changing acoustic environments. Adaptation at the transduction level with integrated signal processing could help to address this; in human hearing, transduction and signal processing are integrated and can be adaptively tuned for noisy conditions. Here we report a microelectromechanical cochlea as a bio-inspired acoustic sensor with integrated signal processing functionality. Real-time feedback is used to tune the sensing and processing properties, and dynamic switching between linear and nonlinear characteristics improves the detection of signals in noisy conditions, increases the sensor dynamic range and enables adaptation to changing acoustic environments. The transition to nonlinear behaviour is attributed to a Hopf bifurcation and we experimentally validate its dependence on sensor and feedback parameters. We also show that output-signal coupling between two coupled sensors can increase the frequency coverage.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Neuromorphic systems—modeled after the spiking logic of biological cochleae—may offer substantial improvements for fieldwork. They deliver orders-of-magnitude energy savings while keeping classification accuracy impressively high”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Lenk et al. 2023
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears
Cherry, E. C. (1953) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1907229 · Cited by 4,774
Mechanics of the Mammalian Cochlea
Robles, L., & Ruggero, M. A. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1305 · Cited by 1,481
Adavanne, S., Politis, A., Nikunen, J., & Virtanen, T. I. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/jstsp.2018.2885636 · Cited by 542
Mechanisms of sound localization in the barn owl (Tyto alba)
Knudsen, E. I., & Konishi, M. (1979) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00663106 · Cited by 419
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
Hudspeth, A. J. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.012 · Cited by 414
Integrating the active process of hair cells with cochlear function
Hudspeth, A. J. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3786 · Cited by 404
Hair Cell Transduction, Tuning, and Synaptic Transmission in the Mammalian Cochlea
Fettiplace, R. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160049 · Cited by 376
Intensity discrimination as a function of frequency and sensation level
Jesteadt, W., Wier, C. C., & Green, D. M. (1977) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.381278 · Cited by 369
Zilany, M. S. A., Bruce, I. C., Nelson, P. C., & Carney, L. H. (2009) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3238250 · Cited by 347
ON MINIMUM AUDIBLE SOUND FIELDS
Sivian, L. J., & White, S. D. (1933) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1915608 · Cited by 294
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M. (eds) Principles of Neural Science 4th edn (Elsevier, 2000).
- van Schaik, A. & Liu, S.-C. AER EAR: a matched silicon cochlea pair with address event representation interface. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers 5, 4213–4216 (2005).
- Liu, S.-C., van Schaik, A., Minch, B. A. & Delbruck, T. Asynchronous binaural spatial audition sensor with 2 × 64 × 4 channel output. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 8, 453–464 (2013).
- Strogatz, S. H. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering (Westview Press, 2000).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuromorphic hardware for somatosensory neuroprostheses
Donati, E., & Valle, G. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44723-3 · Cited by 125
Emerging Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technologies
Liu, T., Mao, Y., Dou, H., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Wu, P., Li, D., & Mu, X. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202408653 · Cited by 75
Iontronics: Neuromorphic Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Ro, Y. G., Na, S., Kim, J., Chang, Y., Lee, S., Kwak, M. S., Jung, S., & Ko, H. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c04885 · Cited by 48
A Reconfigurable Bipolar Image Sensor for High-Efficiency Dynamic Vision Recognition
Yang, J., Cai, Y., Wang, F., Li, S., Zhan, X., Xu, K., He, J., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01190 · Cited by 39
Liu, Z., Chen, J., Jo, M., Viola Vogel, B., Chen, J., Rogers, J. A., & Li, S. (2026) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00391-6 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Lenk, C., Hövel, P., Ved, K., Durstewitz, S., Meurer, T., Fritsch, T., Männchen, A., Küller, J., Beer, D., Ivanov, T., & Ziegler, M.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Ilmenau (DE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lenk, Claudia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Electronics
- Published
- 2023-05-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 370-380
- ISSN
- 2520-1131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4382644231
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (434434223)
- Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung (MemWerk)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Keywords
- bio-inspired sensors, feedback control, Hopf bifurcation, low signal-to-noise ratio detection, frequency coverage, speech processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
