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A BCL-xL/BCL-2 PROTAC effectively clears senescent cells in the liver and reduces MASH-driven hepatocellular carcinoma in mice

Yang, Yang, Jn-Simon, Natacha, He, Yonghan, Sun, Chunbao, Zhang, Peiyi, Hu, Wanyi, Tian, Tian, Zeng, Huadong, Basha, Sreenivasulu, Huerta, Araceli S., Sun, Lu-Zhe, Yin, Xian-Ming, Hromas, Robert, Zheng, Guangrong, Pi, Liya, Zhou, Daohong·2025·Nature Aging
DOI 10.1038/s43587-025-00811-7
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  3. Ahmed, A., Wong, R. J. & Harrison, S. A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease review: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 2062–2070 (2015). · DOI
  4. Fraile, J. M., Palliyil, S., Barelle, C., Porter, A. J. & Kovaleva, M. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—a review of a crowded clinical landscape, driven by a complex disease. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 15, 3997–4009 (2021). · DOI
  5. Meijnikman, A. S. et al. Evaluating causality of cellular senescence in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep. 3, 100301 (2021). · DOI
  6. Papatheodoridi, A. M., Chrysavgis, L., Koutsilieris, M. & Chatzigeorgiou, A. The role of senescence in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 71, 363–374 (2020). · DOI
  7. He, Y. et al. Using proteolysis-targeting chimera technology to reduce navitoclax platelet toxicity and improve its senolytic activity. Nat. Commun. 11, 1996 (2020). · DOI · Paper page
  8. He, Y., Zheng, G. & Zhou, D. Senolytic drug development. In Senolytics in Disease, Ageing and Longevity (eds Muñoz-Espin, D. & Demaria, M.) 3–20 (Springer, 2020). · DOI
  9. Chang, J. et al. Clearance of senescent cells by ABT263 rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Nat. Med. 22, 78–83 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Zhu, Y. et al. Identification of a novel senolytic agent, navitoclax, targeting the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic factors. Aging Cell 15, 428–435 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  11. Childs, B. G. et al. Senescent intimal foam cells are deleterious at all stages of atherosclerosis. Science 354, 472–477 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  12. Pan, J. et al. Inhibition of Bcl-2/xl with ABT-263 selectively kills senescent type II pneumocytes and reverses persistent pulmonary fibrosis induced by ionizing radiation in mice. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 99, 353–361 (2017). · DOI
  13. Ovadya, Y. et al. Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging. Nat. Commun. 9, 5435 (2018). · DOI · Paper page
  14. Kolodkin-Gal, D. et al. Senolytic elimination of Cox2-expressing senescent cells inhibits the growth of premalignant pancreatic lesions. Gut 71, 345–355 (2022). · DOI
  15. Rachmian, N. et al. Identification of senescent, TREM2-expressing microglia in aging and Alzheimer’s disease model mouse brain. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 1116–1124 (2024). · DOI
  16. Souers, A. J. et al. ABT-199, a potent and selective BCL-2 inhibitor, achieves antitumor activity while sparing platelets. Nat. Med. 19, 202–208 (2013). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Takakura, K. et al. Characterization of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma as a human stratification model in mice. Anticancer Res. 34, 4849–4856 (2014).
  18. Yu, H. et al. Lipid accumulation-induced hepatocyte senescence regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway. Exp. Cell. Res. 405, 112689 (2021). · DOI
  19. Saeed, W. K. & Jun, D. W. Necroptosis: an emerging type of cell death in liver diseases. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 12526–12532 (2014). · DOI
  20. Krenkel, O. et al. Therapeutic inhibition of inflammatory monocyte recruitment reduces steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Hepatology 67, 1270–1283 (2018). · DOI · Paper page
  21. Guo, R. et al. Loss of MLKL ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte necroptosis and hepatic stellate cell activation. Theranostics 12, 5220–5236 (2022). · DOI
  22. Thadathil, N. et al. Senolytic treatment reduces cell senescence and necroptosis in Sod1 knockout mice that is associated with reduced inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging Cell 21, e13676 (2022). · DOI
  23. Slomp, A. & Peperzak, V. Role and regulation of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins in multiple myeloma. Front. Oncol. 8, 533 (2018). · DOI
  24. Jackson, M. R. et al. Mesothelioma cells depend on the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL for survival and are sensitized to ionizing radiation by BH3-mimetics. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 106, 867–877 (2020). · DOI
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  28. Helman, A. et al. p16Ink4a-induced senescence of pancreatic beta cells enhances insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 22, 412–420 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  29. Sasaki, M. et al. Bile ductular cells undergoing cellular senescence increase in chronic liver diseases along with fibrous progression. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 133, 212–223 (2010). · DOI
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  31. Yosef, R. et al. p21 maintains senescent cell viability under persistent DNA damage response by restraining JNK and caspase signaling. EMBO J. 36, 2280–2295 (2017). · DOI · Paper page
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  33. Li, F. et al. FBP1 loss disrupts liver metabolism and promotes tumorigenesis through a hepatic stellate cell senescence secretome. Nat. Cell Biol. 22, 728–739 (2020). · DOI
  34. Zhang, M. et al. Hepatic stellate cell senescence in liver fibrosis: characteristics, mechanisms and perspectives. Mech. Ageing Dev. 199, 111572 (2021). · DOI
  35. Li, W., He, Y., Zhang, R., Zheng, G. & Zhou, D. The curcumin analog EF24 is a novel senolytic agent. Aging 11, 771–782 (2019). · DOI · Paper page
  36. He, Y. et al. Inhibition of USP7 activity selectively eliminates senescent cells in part via restoration of p53 activity. Aging Cell 19, e13117 (2020). · DOI
  37. Tripathi, M., Yen, P. M. & Singh, B. K. Protocol to generate senescent cells from the mouse hepatic cell line AML12 to study hepatic aging. STAR Protoc. 1, 100064 (2020). · DOI
  38. Tao, J. et al. Modeling a human hepatocellular carcinoma subset in mice through coexpression of met and point-mutant β-catenin. Hepatology 64, 1587–1605 (2016). · DOI
  39. Idelfonso-García, O. G. et al. Protocol to detect senescence-associated β-galactosidase and immunoperoxidase activity in fresh-frozen murine tissues. STAR Protoc. 5, 103009 (2024). · DOI
  40. Quintas Coentro, J. et al. Collagen quantification in tissue specimens. In Fibrosis: Methods and Protocols (ed Rittié, L.) 341–350 (Springer, 2017). · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Yang, Y., Jn-Simon, N., He, Y., Sun, C., Zhang, P., Hu, W., Tian, T., Zeng, H., Basha, S., Huerta, A. S., Sun, L.-Z., Yin, X.-M., Hromas, R., Zheng, G., Pi, L., & Zhou, D.
Venue
Nature Aging
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-01-31
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
386-400
ISSN
2662-8465
DOI
10.1038/s43587-025-00811-7
Cited by
65
References
23
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 AG063801, R01 CA242003, P30 CA054174, K01 AA024174, R01 AA028035)
  • Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP210208)
  • United States Department of Commerce | National Institute of Standards and Technology (60NANB24D117)

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