Cited by 1,186Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

Senescence is a developmental mechanism that contributes to embryonic growth and patterning

Open access
Storer, Mekayla, Mas, Alba, Robert-Moreno, Alexandre, Pecoraro, Matteo, Ortells, M. Carmen, Di Giacomo, Valeria, Yosef, Reut, Pilpel, Noam +3 more·2013·Cell

Abstract

Senescence is a form of cell-cycle arrest linked to tumor suppression and aging. However, it remains controversial and has not been documented in nonpathologic states. Here we describe senescence as a normal developmental mechanism found throughout the embryo, including the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the neural roof plate, two signaling centers in embryonic patterning. Embryonic senescent cells are nonproliferative and share features with oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), including expression of p21, p15, and mediators of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Interestingly, mice deficient in p21 have defects in embryonic senescence, AER maintenance, and patterning. Surprisingly, the underlying mesenchyme was identified as a source for senescence instruction in the AER, whereas the ultimate fate of these senescent cells is apoptosis and macrophage-mediated clearance. We propose that senescence is a normal programmed mechanism that plays instructive roles in development, and that OIS is an evolutionarily adapted reactivation of a developmental process.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.041

Cites

68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • A distinct form of cellular senescence occurs in the mammalian developing embryo and placenta to control growth and patterning.

    “A distinct form of cellular senescence occurs in the mammalian developing embryo and in the placenta to control growth and patterning131,132,142,143.”

    From Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities (2021) · cites this paper as [131]

    The Summary (p. 1) describes senescence as a normal developmental mechanism throughout the embryo, including signaling centers involved in patterning; the Introduction (p. 2) also identifies a role in tissue development and patterning. The cited paper does not establish the claim about senescence in the placenta; a search for “placenta” found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • NK cells, T cells and macrophages can physically interact with senescent cells in both pathological and physiological conditions.

    “Among these cell types, NK cells, T cells and macrophages can physically interact with senescent cells in pathological and physiological conditions131,132,145,150,153–156.”

    From Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities (2021) · cites this paper as [131]

    The developmental-limb findings (p. 7) show macrophages surrounding senescent cells, and the Discussion (p. 10) describes immune-mediated clearance. This supports the macrophage component in a physiological setting, but the paper does not identify NK- or T-cell interactions with senescent cells or establish physical interactions by all three cell types in both pathological and physiological conditions. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • SASP factors mediate developmental senescence.

    “SASP factors mediate developmental senescence (Mun ˜ oz-Espı ´n et al., 2013; Storer et al., 2013), wound healing (Demaria et al., 2014), and tissue plasticity (Mosteiro et al., 2016) and also contribute to persistent chronic inflammation (known as inflammaging) (Franceschi and Campisi, 2014).”

    From Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward (2019) · cites this paper as Storer et al., 2013

    The Figure 3 results (p. 5) find SASP components expressed in the embryonic AER, and the Discussion (p. 9) links secreted factors to developmental growth and patterning. But the paper identifies p21 as a mediator of developmental senescence; it does not establish that SASP factors themselves mediate the senescent state. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Senescent cells were recently detected during embryogenesis, where they appear to play a nonessential role in optimizing the development of certain embryonic structures.

    “Of possible relevance to this puzzle, senescent cells were recently detected during embryogenesis, where they appear to play a nonessential role in optimizing the development of certain embryonic structures (Muñoz-Espín et al., 2013; Storer et al., 2013).”
  • Recent reports showed a beneficial role for the SASP during embryonic development and in limiting fibrosis after tissue injury.

    “recent reports showed a beneficial role for the SASP during embryonic development (Muñoz-Espín et al., 2013; Storer et al., 2013) and a role in limiting fibrosis after tissue injury (Jun and Lau, 2010; Krizhanovsky et al., 2008).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Storer, M., Mas, A., Robert-Moreno, A., Pecoraro, M., Ortells, M. C., Di Giacomo, V., Yosef, R., Pilpel, N., Krizhanovsky, V., Sharpe, J., & Keyes, W. M.
Affiliations
  • Centre for Genomic Regulation (ES)
  • Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
Corresponding author
Keyes, William M.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-11
Volume
155
Issue
5
Pages
1119-1130
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1976635482
Cited by
1,186
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 72 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 7
FWCI
43.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords
cellular senescence, embryonic development, apical ectodermal ridge, embryonic patterning, oncogene-induced senescence, p21, p15, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, apoptosis, macrophage clearance, mesenchymal cells, signaling centers
MeSH terms
Animals, Chick Embryo, Embryo, Mammalian, Extremities, Fibroblasts, Humans, Cellular Senescence, Apoptosis, Paracrine Communication, Embryonic Development, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review