Cannabis, tobacco and domestic fumes intake are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The lifestyle risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in North Africa are not known. METHODS: From 2002 to 2005, we interviewed 636 patients and 615 controls from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, frequency-matched by centre, age, sex, and childhood household type (urban/rural). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of lifestyles with NPC risk, controlling for socioeconomic status and dietary risk factors. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking and snuff (tobacco powder with additives) intake were significantly associated with differentiated NPC but not with undifferentiated carcinoma (UCNT), which is the major histological type of NPC in these populations. As demonstrated by a stratified permutation test and by conditional logistic regression, marijuana smoking significantly elevated NPC risk independently of cigarette smoking, suggesting dissimilar carcinogenic mechanisms between cannabis and tobacco. Domestic cooking fumes intake by using kanoun (compact charcoal oven) during childhood increased NPC risk, whereas exposure during adulthood had less effect. Neither alcohol nor shisha (water pipe) was associated with risk. CONCLUSION: Tobacco, cannabis and domestic cooking fumes intake are risk factors for NPC in western North Africa.
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Other health outcomes associated with household air pollution, for which evidence is less robust, include pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, otitis media, asthma, tuberculosis, neonatal mortality and nutritional deficit.
“Other health outcomes associated with household air pollution, for which evidence is less robust, include pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer,10,11 otitis media,12 asthma,13,14 tuberculosis,15 neonatal mortality16 and nutritional deficit.17”
From Household air pollution and the sustainable development goals (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
The Discussion reports that childhood domestic cooking-fume exposure was associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa, supporting the pharyngeal-cancer portion of the claim. The paper does not establish an association with laryngeal cancer or pharyngeal cancers generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Feng, B.-J., Khyatti, M., Ben-Ayoub, W., Dahmoul, S., Ayad, M., Maachi, F., Bedadra, W., Abdoun, M., Mesli, S., Bakkali, H., Jalbout, M., Hamdi-Cherif, M., Boualga, K., Bouaouina, N., Chouchane, L., Benider, A., Ben-Ayed, F., Goldgar, D. E., & Corbex, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc (MA)
- Hôpital Farhat Hached (TN)
- Association Tunisienne Contre le Cancer (TN)
- Centre Hospito Universitaire de Sétif (DZ)
- Institut National d'Oncologie (MA)
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (LB)
- University of Monastir (TN)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd (MA)
- University of Utah (US)
- International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Feng, B-J
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2009-09-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1207-1212
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC2768108
- OpenAlex
- W1964846501
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cannabis smoking, cannabis, tobacco, snuff, cigarette smoking, children's exposure, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hookah, alcohol, lifestyle risk factors, North Africa
- MeSH terms
- Cooking, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Smoke, Smoking, Tobacco, Smokeless, Multivariate Analysis, Case-Control Studies, Air Pollution, Indoor
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