Negative effect of heat sterilization on the free amino acid concentrations in infant formula
Abstract
Infant formulas are often heat sterilized in hospitals where water contamination or nosocomial infection is a concern, but there are few studies of the effect of high heat on the nutritional value of infant formula. In particular, the effect of heat sterilization on free amino acid (FAA) concentrations is seldom discussed. In view of the importance of these nutrients for infant growth, we investigated the FAA concentrations of infant formula after heat sterilization. Powdered infant formulas were reconstituted with hot water (80 degrees C) in glass bottles and placed in an autoclave for 5 min at 105 degrees C and 5600 kg/m2 of pressure. Additional samples of formula were prepared by conventional methods to serve as controls. After autoclaving, we measured the FAA concentrations with ion exchange chromatography. The results were compared with those obtained after conventional preparation. We found a 19.5% lower amount of total protein after autoclaving compared with conventional preparation. Concentrations of total FAA were significantly lower after autoclaving (696.5 +/- 101.4 vs 899.4 +/- 152.2 micromol/l, P = 0.01). The concentrations of individual amino acids were also lower in autoclaved infant formulas, with differences ranging from -4.1 to 71.5% (mean 22.6%). Concentrations of certain amino acids were more than 30% lower, such as valine (71.5%), citrulline (61.1%), glutamine (60.6%), ethanolamine (54%), and lysine (39.2%). Both essential and nonessential amino acids wer…
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Various workers have reported good correlations between some of the in vitro methods proposed and in vivo digestibility.
“Various workers have reported good correlations between some of the in vitro methods proposed and in vivo digestibility (30,59 -62) .”
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- Authors
- Yeung, C.-Y., Lee, H.-C., Lin, S.-P., Yang, Y.-C., Huang, F.-Y., & Chuang, C.-K.
- Affiliations
- Mackay Memorial Hospital (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Fu Jen Catholic University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chuang, C-K
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2005-10-12
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-141
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1969536569
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- infant formula, heat sterilization, autoclaving, free amino acids, amino acid catabolism, protein degradation, ammonia, urea, nutritional value, nosocomial infections, powdered infant formula, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, valine, lysine, glutamine, citrulline, monoethanolamine, protein denaturation, infant nutrition, reconstitution
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Ammonia, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Food Handling, Hot Temperature, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Nutritive Value, Infant Formula
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