Visceral fat and coronary pathology in male adolescents
Abstract
Objective To find out whether coronary atherosclerotic lesions and their precursors in male adolescents are associated with the amount of mesenteric and omental fat.Subjects A series of 40 forensic autopsy cases of ante-mortem healthy boys of 13-19 y of age were investigated.Methods Body height and weight, waist and hip circumferences and the thickness of the abdominal subcutaneous fat were measured, the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated, and omental and mesenteric fat deposits were weighed. The intimal surface of the coronary arteries covered by lesions was measured by planimetry, and the thickness of the intima was measured by computerized image analysis. Intimal macrophage foam cells and smooth muscle cells were detected by immunohistochemisty, and macrophages were quantified.Results The intima thickness of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and in the thickest lesion varied significantly across the tertiles of visceral fat when adjusted for age, being highest when the sum weight of omental and mesenteric fat exceeded 358 g. The intima thickness of the circumflex artery (CX) varied significantly across the tertiles of waist circumference when adjusted for age. No statistically significant associations with other indicators of obesity were found. Macrophage foam cells were present in the lesions and their maximal density/mm(2) correlated significantly with intima thickness in the LAD and CX. The maximal density of macrophages in CX and the right coronary artery (RCA) and in the thickest lesion varied significantly across the tertiles of visceral fat when adjusted for age, being highest when the amount of fat exceeded 358 g. The macrophage density also varied significantly across the tertiles of waist circumference in all vessels.Conclusions The results indicate that early macrophage-rich coronary lesions are associated with increased amounts of visceral fat in adolescent male individuals. This emphasizes the importance of effective prevention of weight gain in individuals with a tendency to accumulate visceral fat at an early age.
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Central obesity is a risk marker, and probably a risk factor, for the development and progression of coronary artery disease.
“Indeed, central obesity is undeniably a risk marker, and probably a risk factor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (43, 105, 185–188, 229, 241, 328).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [188]
Autopsy series have shown cardiac hypertrophy plus a variable extent of coronary artery disease in obese and nonobese subjects.
“However, autopsy series present the opportunity to study heart tissue from obese and nonobese subjects, and in general, these studies have shown cardiac hypertrophy plus a variable extent of coronary artery disease (9, 64, 91, 147, 185–188, 300).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [188]
Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is a well-defined risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
“Suffice it to say that obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is a well-defined risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (12, 188, 241).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [188]
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BackgroundResultWajid, A., Mughal, M. K., McNeil, D. A., Robertson, H., & Kingston, D. E. (2018) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0798-2
- Authors
- Kortelainen, M.-L., & Särkioja, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oulu (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kortelainen, M-L
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 228-232
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2331148219
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- visceral fat, coronary artery disease, foam cells, omental fat, mesenteric fat, adolescent boys, obesity, waist circumference, coronary artery lesions, left anterior descending artery, right coronary artery
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Arteries, Autopsy, Body Composition, Body Constitution, Coronary Disease, Foam Cells, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Male, Mesenteric Arteries, Omentum, Body Mass Index, Tunica Intima
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