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Parental overweight, socioeconomic status and high birth weight are the major determinants of overweight and obesity in 5–7 y-old children: baseline data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS)
Abstract
Objectives To identify the major risk factors of overweight and obesity in prepubertal children.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting In all, 32 primary schools in Kiel (248 000 inhabitants), northwest Germany.Subjects A total of 2631 5-7-y-old German children and their parents.Main outcome measures Weight status, socio-economic status (SES), parental overweight, dietary intake, activity, inactivity and further determinants (birth weight, breast feeding, nutritional status of siblings) of the children.Results The prevalence of overweight (>/=90th BMI percentile of reference) was 9.2% in boys and 11.2% in girls, respectively. Considered univariately, family-, environment- and development-related determinants showed some relations to overweight and obesity. In multivariate analyses parental overweight, a low SES as well as a high birth weight were the strongest independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in children. Additionally, there were sex-specific risk factors: parental smoking and single households were risk factors in boys, whereas a low activity was associated with obesity in girls. Birth weight was associated with obesity, but not with overweight. The prevalence of obesity reached 29.2% in boys and 33.4% in girls with all the three main risk factors.Conclusions Overweight families of low SES have the highest risk of overweight and obese children. Future prevention programmes must also take into account sex-specific risk factors.
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“The studies by Duncan et al. [34] and Danielzik et al. [35] were the first ones that examined the cumulative effects of multiple risk factors on adiposity in children.”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Except for the study by Duncan et al. that was conducted in New Zealand [34], all of them were conducted in European countries, either analyzing selected samples [35], national samples [15] or multi-country data [16, 17].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Ultimately, once adolescents have reached adulthood and are raising children of their own, the latter may also develop weight problems, as parental overweight is regarded as an important risk factor predicting overweight and obesity of their children (Danielzik et al. 2004).”
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Kowal, M., Matusik, S., Pilecki, M. W., Kryst, Ł., Sobiecki, J., & Woronkowicz, A. (2017) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2017.1380226 · Cited by 5
“Undoubtedly, all the aforementioned factors are interconnected, yet their mutual relations at the individual level and across entire populations are poorly understood (Danielzik et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMohammadi, S., & Mozaffari–Khosravi, H. (2019) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100131 · Cited by 5
Only children or siblings: Who has higher physical activity and healthier weight?
Sigmund, E., & Sigmundová, D. (2021) · Acta Gymnica · doi:10.5507/ag.2021.011 · Cited by 5
Wasserstein regression with empirical measures and density estimation for sparse data
Zhou, Y., & Müller, H. (2024) · Biometrics · doi:10.1093/biomtc/ujae127 · Cited by 5
“…are in agreement with the current literature on obesity, where parental overweight and low socioeconomic status were found to be strong risk factors of obesity in children (Danielzik et al. 2004; Vazquez and Cubbin 2020), while obesity is less common in Asian children (Anderson and Whitaker 2009).”
BackgroundResultOBESITY RESEARCH AND THE FORGOTTEN AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILD
Alio, A. P., Salihu, H. M., Berrings, T. J., Donaldson, M., Burton, J. A., Gayles, T., & Jackson, T. R. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.13016/rw0y-mcrk · Cited by 4
Parental Socioeconomic Background and Child Behaviour
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Sexual dimorphism and the placenta – results from the ROLO kids study
Donnelly, J. M., Horan, M. K., Segurado, R., Mooney, E. E., French, S., Molloy, E. J., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2020) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1849097 · Cited by 4
“All multiple regression analyses of neonatal measurements were adjusted for covariates which were found to be significant in previously reported studies: total gestational age, neonatal sex, maternal BMI and maternal education achievement (as marker of socioeconomic status) [16,17].”
MethodDas, J., Das, S. K., Ahmed, S., Chisti, M. J., Sarker, M. H. R., Farzana, F. D., Ferdous, F., Malek, M. A., Rahman, A., Faruque, A. S. G., et al. (2014) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2014.519195 · Cited by 4
Nutrition in Chinese-Korean Children and Adolescents.
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Park, H. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/6dnn-f848 · Cited by 4
RETRACTED: Resilience, Parenting Style, and Children’s Eating Behavior
Wood, M., & Shukla, P. (2019) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1524500419831084 · Cited by 4
RetractedMaternal Employment, Childcare and Childhood Overweight during InfancyPreprint
McDonnell, T., & Doyle, O. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
The Effect of Early Universal Daycare on Child Weight ProblemsPreprint
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Rohde, J. F., Larsen, S. C., Händel, M. N., Olsen, N. J., Stougaard, M., & Heitmann, B. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073590 · Cited by 3
“A subgroup from one municipality was selected based on the criterion of having a mother with low educational level (≤10 years of education) [17,18].”
MethodIs children’s knowledge of fruit and vegetable recommendations related to their intakes?
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“lower SES families in this study reflects the higher rates of child and adult obesity amongst the less affluent ( Danielzik et al. 2004; Dollman et al. 2007; Lamerz et al. 2005 ;O ’Dea and Caputi 2001 ;O ’Dea and Wilson 2006; Proper et al. 2007; Sanigorski et al. 2007), and therefore the need for further research to i…”
BackgroundCritical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic
BoeingAngela, H. (2012) · Cited by 3
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INFLUÊNCIA DO EXCESSO DE PESO DOS PAIS EM RELAÇÃO AO SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE DOS FILHOS
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“Specific stressors that have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity include adverse childhood events (5), low socioeconomic status (6-8), poor family functioning (9,10), problems in the household (11), or childhood abuse (12).”
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“Other researchers have recognized parental overweight and obesity as the most significant determinant of childhood overweight [18,19].”
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Determinants and health risks of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Germany
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Metadata
- Authors
- Danielzik, S., Czerwinski-Mast, M., Langnäse, K., Dilba, B., & Müller, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Müller, M J
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2004-08-24
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1494-1502
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W1974550323
- Cited by
- 396
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 22.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Danone
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- World Cancer Research Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, childhood overweight, parental overweight, socioeconomic status, birth weight, prepubertal children, risk factors, parental smoking, single-person households, physical activity, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Birth Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Health, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Parents, Risk Factors, Social Class, Logistic Models
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