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Coarse and fine particles and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a follow-up study
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies provide evidence of an association between ambient particles, measured as PM10, and daily mortality. Most of these studies have been conducted in urban areas where PM10 is highly correlated with and dominated by fine particles less than 2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5). Fewer studies have investigated impacts associated with the fraction of coarse mode particles (between 2.5 and 10 microm in diameter). In a previous study using data from 1989 through 1992 in the Coachella Valley, a desert resort and retirement area east of Los Angeles, we reported associations between PM10 and several different measures of mortality [Ostro B.D., Hurley S., and Lipsett M.J. Air pollution and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a study of PM10 dominated by coarse particles. Environ. Res. 1999: 81: 231-238]. In this arid environment, coarse particles of geologic origin are highly correlated with and comprise approximately 60% of PM10, increasing to >90% during wind events. This study was intended to repeat the earlier investigation using 10 years (1989-1998) of daily data on mortality and PM10. The last 2.5 years of data also included daily measures of PM2.5, allowing examination of size-specific impacts. To ensure adequate statistical power, we attempted to develop predictive models for both fine and coarse particles to use in analyses of the full 10-year period. An acceptable fit was found only for coarse particles, which were found to be a cubic function of PM10 (R2 = 0.95). Outcome variables included several measures of daily mortality, including all-cause (minus accidents and homicides), cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses using generalized additive models were employed to explain the variation in these endpoints, controlling for temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, and time, using locally weighted smoothing techniques. Pollution lags of up to 4 days were examined. Several pollutants were associated with all-cause mortality, including PM2.5, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. More consistent results were found for cardiovascular-specific mortality, for which associations were found for coarse particles (RR = 1.02; 95% C.I., 1.01-1.04), PM10 (RR = 1.03; 95% C.I., 1.01-1.05). None of the pollutants was associated with respiratory-specific mortality. Ozone was not associated with any of the mortality outcomes. These findings are generally consistent with those we previously reported for the Coachella Valley for the period 1989-1992, demonstrating associations between several measures of particulate matter and daily mortality in an environment in which particulate concentrations are dominated by the coarse fraction.
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“The findings on health effects of ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) remain inconsistent.”
From Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China (2007) · cites this paper as Ostro et al. 2000
In the citing paper
“Not surprisingly, findings with PM10-2.5 are thus inconsistent (Brunekreef and Forsberg 2005; Ostro et al. 2000; Ostro et al. 1999; Schwartz and Neas 2000; Smith et al. 2000; Wilson and Suh 1997).”
From Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China (2007) · cites this paper as Ostro et al. 2000
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“Fine and ultra fine particles have been found related to coronary artery disease (Timonen et al. 2006), lung cancer (McCarthy 2013), and daily motality (Ostro et al. 2000).”
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“5-10 were conducted in arid areas, including such places as Phoenix, AZ (Mar et al., 2000), Coachella Valley, CA (Ostro et al., 2000), and Mexico City (Castillejos et al., 2000).”
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“Cardiovascular mortality has been linked to coarse PM exposure only in the general population, and not in subjects occupationally exposed to urban airborne PM (Ostro et al. 2000; Mar et al. 2000, 2003; Villeneuve et al. 2003; Brunekreef and Forsberg 2005; Kan et al. 2007; Wilson et al. 2007; Perez et al. 2009).”
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“…diameter � 2.5 l m) poses a greater health risk than PM 10 (Zanobetti and Schwartz 2009; Bodor et al. 2022), although a few studies suggest that coarse particles (particles 2.5–10 l m in aerodynamic diameter) may be similarly or even more harmful than PM 2.5 (Ostro et al. 2000; Pascal et al. 2014).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- OSTRO, B. D., BROADWIN, R., & LIPSETT, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- OSTRO, BART D
- Venue
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
- Published
- 2000-10-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 412-419
- ISSN
- 1559-0631 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-064X
- OpenAlex
- W1964823917
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- air pollution, PM10, coarse particles, PM2.5, fine particles, daily mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, all-cause mortality, Coachella Valley, desert environment, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, mortality prediction model, wind events, arid climate, follow-up study
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, California, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Environmental Exposure, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Particle Size, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Weather, Linear Models
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