Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level
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This study presents one of the first long term datasets including a statistical summary of PM 2.5 concentrations obtained from one-year monitoring in 190 cities in China. We found only 25 out of 190 cities could meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of China and the population-weighted mean of PM 2.5 in Chinese cities are 61 μg/m 3, ~3 times as high as global population-weighted mean, highlighting a high health risk. PM 2.5 concentrations are generally higher in north than in south regions due to relative large PM emissions and unfavorable meteorological conditions for pollution dispersion. A remarkable seasonal variability of PM 2.5 is observed with the highest during the winter and the lowest during the summer. Due to the enhanced contributions from dust particles and open biomass burning, high PM 2.5 abundances are also found in the spring (in Northwest and West Central China) and autumn (in East China), respectively. In addition, we found the lowest and highest PM 2.5 often occurs in the afternoon and evening hours, respectively, associated with daily variation of the boundary layer depth and anthropogenic emissions. The diurnal distribution of the PM 2.5-to-CO ratio consistently displays a pronounced peak during the afternoon periods, reflecting a significant contribution of secondary PM formation.
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China has experienced frequent and severe fog and haze events.
“Recently, China has been suffering from frequent and severe fog/haze events.”
From Non-Target and Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter in China (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y.-L., & Cao, F.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (CN)
- ORCID
- Cao, Fang
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-10-15
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14884-14884
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4606739
- OpenAlex
- W2402894798
- Cited by
- 921
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 46
- FWCI
- 62.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (2015r023, 2015r019)
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (2015r019, 2015r023)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- PM2.5, urban air pollution, China, long-term air quality monitoring, seasonal variation, diurnal variation, boundary layer depth, dust, biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions, health risks, air quality standards
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, China, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Seasons, Particulate Matter
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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