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Small steps towards the development of chemical artificial intelligent systems

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Gentili, Pier Luigi·2013·RSC Advances
DOI 10.1039/c3ra44657c
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Abstract

Researchers working in the field of Artificial Intelligence and human-level intelligent agents are driven by the ambitious projects of understanding the foundations and running mechanisms of the human mind, and trying to reproduce them artificially. These projects have been receiving a renewed spur by the research initiative named “The Decade of the Mind” since 2007. A deep understanding of how the mind perceives, thinks, and acts, and its imitation will have a revolutionary impact in science, medicine, economic growth, security, and well-being. Our intelligence grounds on the working mechanism of the human nervous system. The human nervous system is a “computational machine” based on a complex “wetware” of neuronal cells collecting, relaying, processing and storing information under the shape of electrochemical signals. It is worthwhile trying to imitate human intelligence by using chemical systems. In this review, two types of chemical artificial intelligent systems are presented: (a) the sensing and processing properties of chromogenic and fluorogenic materials; and (b) the computational power of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, which is an excellent model of the neural dynamics.

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  • Chemically embodied AI leverages mechanisms that remain fundamentally inaccessible to traditional hardware and software artifacts.

    “This approach is promising because chemically embodied AI, or “chemical AI” (Gentili, 2013; Kuzuya et al., 2023) leverages mechanisms that remain fundamentally inaccessible to traditional hardware and software artifacts.”

    From Wetware network-based AI: a chemical approach to embodied cognition for robotics and artificial intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Gentili, 2013

    Section 3.b.2.2 describes chemical AI systems that compute through spontaneous diffusion and interacting chemical waves, rather than silicon-controlled mass transport. The Outlook presents wetware as a complement to electronic supercomputers, but does not establish that its mechanisms are fundamentally inaccessible to traditional hardware or software. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Gentili, P. L.
Affiliations
University of Perugia (IT)
Corresponding author
Gentili, Pier Luigi
ORCID
Gentili, Pier Luigi
Venue
RSC Advances
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published
2013
Volume
3
Issue
48
Pages
25523
ISSN
2046-2069 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1039/c3ra44657c
OpenAlex
W2092989802
Cited by
70
References
137
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9
FWCI
10.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • RSC Advances (publishedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Università degli Studi di Perugia (2010FM738P)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Cellular Automata and Applications
Keywords
Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, chromogenic materials, chemical sensing, chemical computing, neural dynamics, nervous system, electrochemical signaling

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