A modular device for large area integrated photoelectrochemical water-splitting as a versatile tool to evaluate photoabsorbers and catalysts

The integrated water-splitting module at zero bias maintained its current value under constant operation for 80 min.

“In addition, the operation curves are plotted in Figure 9r, corresponding to the point of operation of the module at zero bias (V = 0), maintaining its current value under constant operation for 80 min.”

During water-splitting, the evolution of H2 and O2 gas volumes over time was collected, as expected, for a faradaic efficiency of 100% via Faraday's law of electrolysis.

“During water-splitting, the evolution of H 2 and O 2 gas volumes over time was collected, as expected, for a faradaic efficiency of 100% via Faraday's law of electrolysis (Figure 9s).”

The 64-unit solar cell module exhibited homogeneous characteristics, with efficiency between 9.8% and 10.3%.

“The 64-unit solar cell module exhibited homogeneous characteristics, with efficiency between 9.8% and 10.3% (Figure 9p).”

Becker et al. presented a stand-alone integrated solar water-splitting module with an active area of 64 cm2, demonstrating long-term stable operation.

“Becker et al. [251] presented a stand-alone integrated solar water-splitting module with an active area of 64 cm 2 , demonstrating long-term stable operation (Figure 9n).”

Different active areas of triple junction solar cells (1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 7.3 × 7.3 cm2) show a decrease in the fill factor from 71.2% to 56.1%.

“Different active areas of triple junction solar cells (1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 7.3 × 7.3 cm 2 ) were compared to exhibit a trade-off between electrical and optical properties (conductivity and transmittance), showing a decrease in the fill factor from 71.2% to 56.1%.”