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Surface point defects on bulk oxides: atomically-resolved scanning probe microscopy
Open accessAbstract
Metal oxides are abundant in nature and they are some of the most versatile materials for applications ranging from catalysis to novel electronics. The physical and chemical properties of metal oxides are dramatically influenced, and can be judiciously tailored, by defects. Small changes in stoichiometry introduce so-called intrinsic defects, e.g., atomic vacancies and/or interstitials. This review gives an overview of using Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), in particular Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), to study the changes in the local geometric and electronic structure related to these intrinsic point defects at the surfaces of metal oxides. Three prototypical systems are discussed: titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxides (Fe 3 O 4 ), and, as an example for a post-transition-metal oxide, indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ). Each of these three materials prefers a different type of surface point defect: oxygen vacancies, cation vacancies, and cation adatoms, respectively. The different modes of STM imaging and the promising capabilities of non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (nc-AFM) techniques are discussed, as well as the capability of STM to manipulate single point defects.
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From Realization of Au81Pd2Pt9-S8B4.6A3.4 aerogels as superior catalysts toward HER and ORR by synergism of coarse and fine tuning d-band center of Pt (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Setvín, M., Wagner, M., Schmid, M., Parkinson, G. S., & Diebold, U.
- Affiliations
- TU Wien (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Diebold, Ulrike
- Venue
- Chemical Society Reviews
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1772-1784
- ISSN
- 0306-0012 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-4744
- OpenAlex
- W2596263195
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Chemical Society Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reposiTUm (TU Wien) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209)
- Austrian Science Fund (Firnberg Grant T 749-N27, SFB FOXSI F4507-N16, START-Prize Y 847-N20, Wittgenstein-Prize Z 250-N27)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- surface point defects, oxygen vacancies, cation vacancies, atomic resolution imaging, scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, oxide surfaces
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