Application of biochar-based catalysts in biomass upgrading: a review

Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis

Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D. H., & Zheng, C. (2007) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013 · Cited by 8,155

Lignin Biosynthesis

Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (2003) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938 · Cited by 4,504

Lignin Biosynthesis and Structure

Vanholme, R., Demedts, B., Morreel, K., Ralph, J., & Boerjan, W. (2010) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.155119 · Cited by 2,686

A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: Mechanisms and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin

Collard, F., & Blin, J. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.06.013 · Cited by 2,002

Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals

Demirbaş, A. (2001) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/s0196-8904(00)00137-0 · Cited by 1,882

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies

Toor, S. S., Rosendahl, L., & Rudolf, A. (2011) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.03.013 · Cited by 1,840

The role of carbon materials in heterogeneous catalysis

Rodríguez-reinoso, F. (1998) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00173-5 · Cited by 1,760

Development of biochar-based functional materials: toward a sustainable platform carbon material

Liu, W.-J., Jiang, H., & Yu, H.-Q. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00195 · Cited by 1,754

A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications

Kambo, H. S., & Dutta, A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050 · Cited by 1,746

Aqueous-phase Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Ordered-mesoporous Carbon Supported Pt Catalysts Prepared by Onestep Modified Soft-template Self-assembly Method

Saknaphawuth, S., Pongthawornsakun, B., Toumsri, P., Chuenchom, L., & Panpranot, J. (2022) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess22063 · Cited by 2

Development of mangosteen peel ash as a heterogeneous catalyst for palm oil-derived fatty acid methyl ester production

Kongrit, N., Chanakaewsomboon, I., Jitjamnong, J., Luengnaruemitchai, A., Kasetsomboon, N., Chuaykarn, N., Direksilp, C., Khantikulanon, N., & Cheng, C. K. (2022) · Agriculture and Natural Resources · doi:10.34044/j.anres.2022.56.5.10 · Cited by 2

Biomass Pyrolysis and its Multiple Applications

Pathak, S., Sakhiya, A. K., & Kaushal, P. (2022) · Clean Energy Production Technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4312-6_8 · Cited by 2

Obtaining lignocellulosic biomass-based catalysts and their catalytic activity in cellobiose hydrolysis and acetic acid esterification reactions

Godina, D., Meile, K., & Zhurinsh, A. (2021) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d1ra02824c · Cited by 1

Biochar-Based Catalysts for the Production of Chemical and Energy

Garg, U., & Azim, Y. (2024) · Sustainable materials and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4252-3_8 · Cited by 2

Biochar: A Sustainable Solution for Agriculture and Environment

Singh, N. K., Maurya, V. K., & Kumar, D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0425-1_2 · Cited by 1

Green synthesis of CaO-modified sulfonated biochar via ball milling method

Pratiwi, S., Hauli, L., Mansur, D., Sisca, V., & Budiman, A. T. (2025) · Vacuum · doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114795 · Cited by 1

Potential of pyrolysis products of Enzyme-Treated vs. Intact Nannochloropsis gaditana: physicochemical characterization and antifungal activity

Ouedrhiri, W., Mellalou, A., Taleb, Z., Aasfar, A., Flissate, B., Tounsi, M., Outzourhit, A., Arroussi, H. E., & Ghamouss, F. (2025) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2025.104482 · Cited by 1

Perspectives on novel food packaging applications of hydrochar generated during the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots

Priyadarshi, R., & Rhim, J. (2025) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101672 · Cited by 1

Synthesis and Characterization of FexOy/Activated Biochar Composite from Patchouli Biomass as Potential Adsorbent for Polluted Water Remediation

Setianingsih, T., & Ewies, E. F. (2026) · Journal of Composites Science · doi:10.3390/jcs10030153 · Cited by 1

Biomass-derived quantum dots for flow assurance in oil and gas - fundamentals, applications, and future outlook: a review

Pires, A. A., Nasser, M. S., & Mady, M. F. (2026) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2026.06.017 · Cited by 1

Preparations, Modifications, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Animal Manure-Derived Biochar: A Review

Emenike, E. C., Saka, H. B., Adeleke, J. A., Aderibigbe, V. D., Olatunbosun, J. C., Iwuozor, K. O., Ogudo, M. C., & Adeniyi, A. G. (2026) · ACS Sustainable Resource Management · doi:10.1021/acssusresmgt.6c00033 · Cited by 1

Upgrading municipal sewage sludge to flammable gases through pyrolysis on industrial waste catalysts

Jang, S., Lee, D.-J., Lee, J., & Jung, S. (2026) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2026.108040 · Cited by 1

Performance of compact fast pyrolysis reactor with Auger-type modules for the continuous liquid biofuel production

Nishimura, S., & Ebitani, K. (2018) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5021921 · Cited by 1

Catalytic Activity of Char Obtained from Fast Pyrolysis in Esterification Reactions

Godiņa, D., Pomilovskis, R., Meile, K., Iljina, N., & Zhurinsh, A. (2021) · Diffusion and defect data, solid state data. Part B, Solid state phenomena/Solid state phenomena · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.193 · Cited by 1

Engineered Biochar as a Catalyst

Barragán-Mantilla, S. P., Ramola, S., & Méndez, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2488-0_15 · Cited by 1

Lignin conversion to fine chemicals

Fragoso, D. A., & Fragoso, D. M. D. A. (2018) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)

Lignocelulozes izcelsmes nanoporaini oglekļa materiāli degvielas šūnām

Pļavniece, A. (2021) · RTU Press eBooks · doi:10.7250/9789934226823

Lignocellulisic Nanopouros Carbon Materials for Fuel Cells

Pļavniece, A. (2021) · RTU Press eBooks · doi:10.7250/9789934226830

Synergistic Effect of Hydrogen Atmosphere and Biochar Catalyst on Tar Decomposition and Methane-Rich Syngas Production During Biomass PyrolysisPreprint

Li, J., Tian, Y., Qiao, Y., Wang, C., Gao, Y., Song, K., Yue, G., Zhang, J., & Hu, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4147108

Liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over Pt- and PtFe-incorporated mesoporous carbon

Saknaphawuth, S. (2021) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2021.55

Otimização multivariada da síntese one-pot de hidrochar ativado a partir de resíduo de bagaço de malte

Fontoura, C. R. D. O. (2022) · doi:10.47328/ufvbbt.2022.469

Modelación estadística para analizar el rendimiento y contenido de carbono de biomasas agroindustriales

Pinto-Altamiranda, S., Sri Mulyani, R., González, M. E., & Barrera-Causil, C. (2023) · TecnoLógicas · doi:10.22430/22565337.2677

Valorisation of waste biomass and tyres through thermochemical processing: Upgrading strategies and carbon functionalisation for sustainable resource recovery

Forero, J. A. J. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.246104

Carbon‐based Catalysts for Sustainable Chemical Processes

Eblagon, K. M., Rocha, R. P., Pereira, M. F. R., & Figueiredo, J. L. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781119870647.ch11

Origin, preparation, and processing of plant biomass materials

Tan, Y. H., Chin, B. L. F., Khor, H. Q., Mubarak, N. M., Khalid, M., & Yek, P. N. Y. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15465-2.00012-4

Biochar-Based Catalyst for Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Memon, S. Q., Khan, S., Yürekli, Y., Memon, N., Hussain, F. S., & Akitsu, T. (2024) · Sustainable materials and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6544-7_7

Green Horizons: Pioneering Novel Routes of Biohydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals’ Generation Deploying Biochar-Based Catalysts

Ghosh, P., & Das, S. P. (2024) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2024-1480.ch011

Biochar-Based Catalysts for Pollution Control

Farooq, S., & Ngaini, Z. (2024) · Sustainable materials and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4252-3_9

Seaweed-Derived Biochar Catalyst for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: A- Review

Karthikeyan, M., Vasanthakumar, R., Yaswanth, A., & Sathish, S. (2025) · Next research. · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100863

Food packaging applications of hydrochar

Priyadarshi, R., Khan, A., & Rhim, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-43940-7.00023-4

Optimization and characterization of biodiesel from Millettia ferruginea (Birbira) seed using mixed solvents and coffee husk-derived catalyst

Dessie, A. A., Gebru, K. B., Selvakumar, K. V., & Yusuf, Y. A. (2025) · Next Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100207

Utilization of gold-loaded ironbark biochar-based catalyst for catalytic upgrading of spent coffee grounds: reaction kinetics, products distribution, and mechanism

Mele, M. A., Kumar, R., Sanislav, I. V., & Antunes, E. (2026) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-025-06936-4

Valorisation énergétique de la biomasse par gazéification : conversion du goudron par des biochars issus de résidu de biomasse en lit fixe

Benhalilou, M. R. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b497937bz083fz4d74z8ff3zddc3e18a5dd3

Pyrolysis of waste for fuels and biochar production

Kawale, H. D. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40600-3.00003-x

Biochar production: Recent developments, applications, and challenges

Sahu, P., Panda, T., Goyal, A., Yadav, V., Anshu, Das, S., Shakya, A., Anupam, K., & Singh, R. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29865-3.00015-7

Acidic functionalized g-C3N4 materials for catalysis: the gateway to the eco-sustainable synthesis of bioactive heterocycles and furanic derivatives

Lam, P. A., Tu, K. T., Thai, V.-A., Mishra, D. K., & Truong, C. C. (2026) · Research on Chemical Intermediates · doi:10.1007/s11164-026-06020-0

Catalytic role of pine bark biochar in the steam cracking of plastics for the production of light olefins

Mollick, M., Cortazar, M., Santamaria, L., Artetxe, M., Olazar, M., & López, G. (2026) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.123214 · Cited by 1

Biochar-based catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production

Bhuyan, P., & Saikia, L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27763-4.00011-8

Tungstophosphoric Acid (TPA) Supported on Magnetic Biochar from Sugar Palm Fibre (Arenga pinnata) as a Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Esterification to Butyl Levulinate

Ciptonugroho, W., Mutiah, U., Puspitawati, T. C., Lestari, W. W., Mahardiani, L., Adilina, I. B., Saputro, S., Susilowati, E., Hastuti, B., Nurhayati, N. D., et al. (2026) · Catalysis Surveys from Asia · doi:10.1007/s10563-026-09493-6

Characterization of particle heat carriers for solar particle receivers for pyrolysis application

Lorreyte, C., Josse, M., Duarte, J. P. R., Kirschmeier, M., de Oliveira, L., Alkan, G., Dashjav, E., & Roeb, M. (2026) · Energy Conversion and Management X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102085

Enhancing Biomass: Characterization and Application of Rice Husk-Based Catalysts Functionalized with Sn and Mo Oxides for Sustainable Furfural Production

Martinez, L., Ramírez‐Hernández, J. J., Gallego‐Villada, L. A., Garcia-Baldovi, H., Ortega, F. M., Sánchez‐Velandia, J. E., & García‐Verdugo, E. (2026) · ACS Sustainable Resource Management · doi:10.1021/acssusresmgt.6c00209

Carbon negative syngas production with controlled H2/CO ratio from fruit processing byproducts via CO2-assisted pyrolysis

Park, G., Lee, S., Song, H., & Kwon, E. E. (2026) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121980

Thermo-Kinetic Reprogramming of Fermentation Residues into Catalytic Biochar: Rewiring Waste Carbon for a Self-Intensifying Closed-Loop Biohydrogen BiorefineryPreprint

Shahzaib, M., Sultan, A. A. M., Feng, W., Feng, S., Faheem, M., Rahman, M. U., Naseem, Z., & Liu, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7382230

Mineral-driven pyrolysis chemistry and temperature-dependent pyrolysis of textile wastewater sludge: kinetics, reaction pathways, and char functionality

Singh, G., Mishra, R. K., & Kumar, N. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra07938e

Carbonaceous catalysts for the hydrolysis of cellulose

Iraianbu, E., Spurthy, M., Chatterjee, S., & Roy, B. (2026) · Carbon letters · doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01135-1

Advanced biochar hybrid systems for adsorptive removal of water contaminants: Progress, mechanisms, and future directions

Senapati, S., Biswal, P., Sahoo, D., Padhiari, S., Panda, A. K., & Mansingh, S. (2026) · The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1002/cjce.70598

Mapping Structural Diversity in Biochars Obtained From Distinct Biomass Feedstocks: Structure–Property Relationships for Catalytic Support Design

Ücker, C. L., Almeida, S. R., Dias, V. P., Hung, R. E. F., Cantoneiro, R. G., Brum, D. D. O., Morisso, F. D. P., Cava, S., Raubach, C. W., & Ferrer, M. M. (2026) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.74804

Development of a solar PV-powered setup for biodiesel production mediated by SnCl2-functionalized potato peel biochar catalyst: Techno-economic analysis and environmental impacts

Maleki, B., & Hooshmand, M. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.110212

Biochar‐Based Catalysts for Selective Biofuel Upgrading: Mechanisms, Functions, and Synthesis Rules

Kim, S. W., Kwon, E. E., & Lee, J. (2026) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1155/er/4175129

Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading

Crocker, M., Santillan‐Jimenez, E., & Wiley-VCH (2020) · Focus on Catalysts · doi:10.1016/j.focat.2019.12.049 · Cited by 21

Catalytic applications of biochar from organic waste and woody biomass in pyrolysis product upgrading: A comprehensive review

Moussa, O., & makkawi, Y. T. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108928 · Cited by 13

Biochar-Based Catalysts for the Production of Chemical and Energy

Garg, U., & Azim, Y. (2024) · Sustainable materials and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4252-3_8 · Cited by 2

Hydrocarbon and hydrogen-rich syngas production by biomass catalytic pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading over biochar catalysts

Ren, S., Lei, H., Wang, L., Bu, Q., Chen, S., & Wu, J. (2014) · RSC Adv. · doi:10.1039/c4ra00122b · Cited by 176