Global transportation of green hydrogen via liquid carriers: economic and environmental sustainability analysis, policy implications, and future directions
Abstract
Green H 2 is considered as one of the most promising options for achieving a net-zero emission economy, but its low volumetric density presents significant challenges. A large-scale H 2 delivery infrastructure is evaluated by investigating six carriers.
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Stemming from characteristics like their relatively high energy density compared to alternatives like batteries and gaseous fuels, along with their liquid state, liquid biofuels possess distinct advantages regarding ease of transportation and storage using existing infrastructure, simplified logistics, established safety protocols, and compatibility, often requiring minimal retrofitting for集成
“Stemming from characteristics like their relatively high energy density compared to alternatives like batteries [36] and gaseous fuels [46,47], along with their liquid state, these biofuels possess distinct advantages regarding ease of transportation and storage using existing infrastructure [12,15], simplified logistics, established safety protocols [46], and compatibility, often requiring”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
E-hydrogen faces significant economic disadvantages related to the high costs of storage and transportation infrastructure stemming from its low volumetric energy density.
“However, e-hydrogen faces significant economic disadvantages related to the high costs of storage and transportation infrastructure stemming from its low volumetric energy density [46,47,55].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Dickson, R., Akhtar, M. S., Abbas, A., Park, E. D., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Lahore University of Management Sciences (PK)
- Pukyong National University (KR)
- Ajou University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jay
- Venue
- Green Chemistry
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8484-8493
- ISSN
- 1463-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-9270
- OpenAlex
- W4312882142
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Green Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1A2C2084709, 2021R1A4A3025742)
- Lahore University of Management Sciences (STG174-LUMS-CHE)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Keywords
- green hydrogen, hydrogen transport, liquid hydrogen carrier, volumetric density, hydrogen storage, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, energy policy, net-zero emissions
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