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Cited by 502

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 242 of the 242 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and organisms

Open access
Bröer, Stefan, Bröer, Angelika·2017·Biochemical Journal

Abstract

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of essential amino acids with non-essential amino acids and the transfer of amino groups from oxidised amino acids to amino acid biosynthesis. This homeostatic condition is maintained through an active mTORC1 complex. Under amino acid depletion, mTORC1 is inactivated. This increases the breakdown of cellular proteins through autophagy and reduces protein biosynthesis. The general control non-derepressable 2/ATF4 pathway may be activated in addition, resulting in transcription of genes involved in amino acid transport and biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids. Metabolism is autoregulated to minimise oxidation of amino acids. Systemic amino acid levels are also tightly regulated. Food intake briefly increases plasma amino acid levels, which stimulates insulin release and mTOR-dependent protein synthesis in muscle. Excess amino acids are oxidised, resulting in increased urea production. Short-term fasting does not result in depletion of plasma amino acids due to reduced protein synthesis and the onset of autophagy. Owing to the fact that half of all amino acids are essential, reduction in protein synthesis and amino acid oxidation are the only two measures to reduce amino acid demand. Long-term malnutrition causes depletion of plasma amino acids. The CNS appears to generate a protein-specific response upon amino acid depletion, resulting in avoidance of an inadequate diet. High protein levels, in contrast, contribute together with other nutrients to a reduction in food intake.

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Metadata

Authors
Bröer, S., & Bröer, A.
Venue
Biochemical Journal
Published
2017-05-25
Volume
474
Issue
12
Pages
1935-1963
ISSN
  • 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8728
OpenAlex
W2617696743
Cited by
502
References
242
FWCI
18.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and organisms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1042/bcj20160822
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Bröer, S., & Bröer, A. (2017). Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and organisms. Biochemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160822

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