Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond
Open accessAbstract
Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in animal cells, serving as a precursor for the synthesis not only of proteins but also of nitric oxide, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine. Of the enzymes that catalyse rate-controlling steps in arginine synthesis and catabolism, argininosuccinate synthase, the two arginase isoenzymes, the three nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes and arginine decarboxylase have been recognized in recent years as key factors in regulating newly identified aspects of arginine metabolism. In particular, changes in the activities of argininosuccinate synthase, the arginases, the inducible isoenzyme of nitric oxide synthase and also cationic amino acid transporters play major roles in determining the metabolic fates of arginine in health and disease, and recent studies have identified complex patterns of interaction among these enzymes. There is growing interest in the potential roles of the arginase isoenzymes as regulators of the synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Physiological roles and relationships between the pathways of arginine synthesis and catabolism in vivo are complex and difficult to analyse, owing to compartmentalized expression of various enzymes at both organ (e.g. liver, small intestine and kidney) and subcellular (cytosol and mitochondria) levels, as well as to changes in expression during development and in response to diet, hormones and cytokines. The ongoing development of new cell lines and animal models using cDNA clones and genes for key arginine metabolic enzymes will provide new approaches more clearly elucidating the physiological roles of these enzymes. Correspondence may be addressed to either Dr. G. Wu (e-mail g-wu@tamu.edu) or Dr. S. M. Morris, Jr. (e-mail sid@hoffman.mgen.pitt.edu) at the addresses given.
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Peroxynitrite can mediate lipid nitration.
“For example, lipids are also a significant biological target for peroxynitrite, and although the species can abstract a hydrogen atom to initiate lipid peroxidation, a detrimental process that can lead to cytotoxicity in many cases (65, 766), peroxynitrite can also mediate lipid nitration (54, 1027).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [1027]
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- Authors
- WU, G., & MORRIS, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- WU, Guoyao
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1998-11-15
- Volume
- 336
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- PMC
- PMC1219836
- OpenAlex
- W2419604885
- Cited by
- 2,811
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 117 · 2012: 124
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- American Heart Association (95013030)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01gm050897-03)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM50897, GM57384, R01GM057384)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- arginine metabolism, nitric oxide, argininosuccinate synthetase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginine decarboxylase, polyamines, proline biosynthesis, glutamate synthesis, urea synthesis, agmatine, cationic amino acid transporters, enzyme regulation, subcellular localization
- MeSH terms
- Amidinotransferases, Animals, Arginase, Arginine, Biological Transport, Carboxy-Lyases, Intestinal Mucosa, Kidney, Liver, Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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