Chemistry of Thyroxine

Chemistry of Thyroxine

Harington, C. R. (1926) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0200300 · Cited by 121

Quantitative Clinical and Spectrophotometrieal Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Thyroxin.1

Møller, E., Gram, C. N. J., & SCHOU, S. A. (1930) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1930.tb06824.x · Cited by 4

Biochemie der Schilddr�se

K�hnau, J. (1951) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00248057 · Cited by 4

BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF THYROID FUNCTION

Harington, C. R. (1935) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)12555-9 · Cited by 4

Azlactones

Carter, H. E. (2011) · Organic reactions · doi:10.1002/0471264180.or003.05 · Cited by 4

Alkaloids Derived from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417302-6.00001-5 · Cited by 3

History of Hormones

White, A., & Levine, R. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1125-6_1 · Cited by 3

Comparative clinical pharmacology of thyroid hormones

Selenkow, H. A., & Rose, L. I. (1976) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics Part C Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0362-5486(76)80024-6 · Cited by 3

Strukturchemische Untersuchungen an Derivaten des Phenylalanins

Steiner, K. U., & Sorkin, E. (1952) · Helvetica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1002/hlca.19520350736 · Cited by 3

The Essential Amino-acids

Stewart, C. P. (1946) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19460045 · Cited by 3

Thyroid Auto-Transplantation

Sakr, M. F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48775-1_10 · Cited by 3

Rolle der bioidenten Schilddrüsenhormone in der Behandlung der Hypothyreose: Ein Update

WEISSEL, M. (2019) · Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1007/s41969-019-0071-x · Cited by 3

STORIES OF ENDOCRINE RESEARCH

Dodds, E. C. (1947) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(47)91452-9 · Cited by 3

Thyronin‐ und thyroxinähnliche Aminoalkohole, II

Müller, H. K., & Rieck, G. (1966) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.19662991003 · Cited by 3

Structure and Function of the Normal Thyroid Gland

Ermans, A. M., NÈVE, P., & Bastenie, P. A. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-016628-5.50006-7 · Cited by 3

Préparation de Phénols Tritiés—II

Nunez, J., Jacquemin, C., & Roche, J. (1962) · The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes · doi:10.1016/0020-708x(62)90194-1 · Cited by 3

Thyronin‐ und thyroxinähnliche Aminoalkohole, I

Müller, H. K., & Rieck, G. (1966) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.19662990914 · Cited by 3

Circulating Hormones

Antoniades, H. N. (1960) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395720-7.50010-9 · Cited by 3

Schilddrüsenhormonanaloge und -metaboliten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer klinischen Anwendung

Bansi, H. W. (1962) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94842-8_4 · Cited by 3

Thyroid Hormones and Thyromimetics

Ryono, D. E., Grover, G. J., & Mellström, K. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc052 · Cited by 3

ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AZALACTONE WITH HYDROXYLAMINE. SYNTHESIS OF β‐AMINOPHENYLALANINE

ALI, R. M., & KHAN, N. H. (1979) · ChemInform · doi:10.1002/chin.197903159 · Cited by 2

Dl‐3.5.3′.5′‐Tetramethyl‐Thyronin

Bielig, H., & Lützel, G. (1957) · Justus Liebig s Annalen der Chemie · doi:10.1002/jlac.19576080113 · Cited by 2

Metabolism of the Aromatic Amino Acids in Micro-organisms and Higher Organisms

Haslam, E. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-70569-1.50011-2 · Cited by 2

Therapeutic Use of Levothyroxine: A Historical Perspective

Kahaly, G. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63277-9_1 · Cited by 2

ACTH, Trijodthyronin und Cortisone

Ehlers, P. N. (1959) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf01440458 · Cited by 2

Thyroid Hormones and Thyromimetics

Malm, J., & Grover, G. J. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc052.pub2 · Cited by 2

Biochimie des hormones thyroïdiennes

Roche, J., & Michel, R. (1961) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-49761-2_38 · Cited by 2

Fortschritte in der Diagnose und Therapie der Erkrankungen der Schilddr�se

Steinitz, K. H. (1956) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01481662 · Cited by 2

ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED PYRUVIC ACIDS. A NEW ROUTE TO α,β‐DIAMINO ACIDS

Kidwai, M., KHAN, N. H., & Ali, M. (1979) · ChemInform · doi:10.1002/chin.197938195 · Cited by 2

Récentes acquisitions sur la nature et le métabolisme des hormones thyroïdiennes

Roche, J., & Michel, R. (1959) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-49773-5_3 · Cited by 2

Iodine in the Atomic Age†

Curtis, G. M. (1951) · Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) · doi:10.1002/jps.3030401002 · Cited by 2

DI-IODOTYROSINE IN TREATMENT OF GRAVES'S DISEASE

Sh, W. (1941) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)71390-0 · Cited by 2

Organic medicine. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy, 1891-1977

Bunner, D. L. (1978) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.138.6.978 · Cited by 2

Über die Wirkung des synthetischen Thyroxins, Dijodthyronins und Dijodtyrosins auf den Gasstoffwechsel normaler und kastrierter Ratten

Caro, L., & Giani, M. (1933) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf01860911 · Cited by 2

Obtaining thyroid hormones by chemical methods based on biosynthesis modeling (a review)

Мартинович, В. П., & Sviridov, O. V. (2006) · Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal · doi:10.1007/s11094-006-0166-8 · Cited by 2

Chemical Assay of Thyroxine-like Materials11Original work presented in this review was supported by Research Grant A-1545, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service and by a research grant from the Smith, Kline and French Foundation.

Barker, S. B. (1962) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3033-7.50015-5 · Cited by 2

The Chemical Assay of Thyroxine and Other Substances with Thyroidal Activity

Pitt‐Rivers, R. (1950) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3193-8.50024-3 · Cited by 2

Trace Elements

Underwood, E. J. (1953) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395522-7.50015-x · Cited by 2

35. The Chemical Constitution of the Proteins

Plimmer, R. H. A. (1932) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029900000431 · Cited by 2

Methods for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Кочергин, П. М., Palei, R. M., Кравченко, А. Н., & Popova, E. V. (1990) · Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00765794 · Cited by 1

Updating Levothyroxine Synthesis for the Modern Age

Perera, S. S., Wanninayake, U. K., Welideniya, D., Jayathilaka, A., Acharige, A. D., Samanthi, K. A. U., Kaleel, S. S., Karunaratne, V., Amaratunga, G. A. J., & Gunasekera, D. S. (2021) · Current Organic Synthesis · doi:10.2174/1570179417666201231110306 · Cited by 1

Effect of Halogen Substitution on the Regioselective Deiodination of Thyroid Hormone Analogues by Deiodinase Mimics

Giri, D., & Mugesh, G. (2025) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202404455 · Cited by 1

Studies toward the synthesis of the L-thyroxine hormone.

Gallo, R. D. C., Frota, C., & Raminelli, C. (2013) · Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis (BMOS) · doi:10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0057-2 · Cited by 1

Highlights in thyroidology: a historical vignette

WEISSEL, M. (2014) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-014-0515-7 · Cited by 1

História da cirurgia da tireoide

Toneto, M. G., & Roncuni, C. (2016) · Scientia Medica · doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2015.4.22251 · Cited by 1

Das adrenocorticotrope Hormon (ACTH), die HormonederNebenniere(Cortison,Adrenalin) das Insulin, sowie die Hormone der Schilddrüse und Nebenschilddrüse

Schreiner, H.-E. (1961) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94850-3_7 · Cited by 1

Synthetic Thyroid Hormone

Rokita, S. E. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118909911.ch21 · Cited by 1

Comparison of d-alanine. I-phenylalanine, and I-tyrosine with respect to their participation in developmental growth

Hammett, F. S. (1937) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/bf01599299 · Cited by 1

EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF DL-THYROXINE-p-HYDROXYPHENYL ETHER

Boldt, K. G., & Brine, G. A. (1983) · Organic Preparations and Procedures International · doi:10.1080/00304948309355437 · Cited by 1

An “o-Hydroquinone” Analog of Thyroxine*

Hr, W. (1956) · Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) · doi:10.1002/jps.3030451015 · Cited by 1

THE CAUSE OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER

Reveno, W. S. (1931) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1931.00150040058004 · Cited by 1

The Assay of Thyroid Preparations Based on Increased Sensitivity to Adrenaline.: Studies on a New Method

PELTOLA, P., & Vartiainen, A. (1954) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1954.tb01135.x · Cited by 1

Iodothyronine Deiodinases: structure-function analysis and their role in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels

Wassen, F. W. J. S. (2005) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 1

Chemie der Vitamine und Hormone

Winterstein, A., & Schön, K. (1933) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-92397-5_9 · Cited by 1

Die Reid-Hunt-Reaktion

Oehme, C., & Paal, H. (1932) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-90643-5_4 · Cited by 1

Thyroxine Analogues

Barker, S. B. (1963) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395622-4.50019-7 · Cited by 1

IODINE

Underwood, E. J. (1956) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395740-5.50013-5 · Cited by 1

Die Chemie der Hormone

Barger, G. (1928) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/bf01995429 · Cited by 1

Die Schilddrüsenhormone

Vannotti, A. (1961) · Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-96027-7_3 · Cited by 1

Triiodothyronine

(1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92452-4 · Cited by 1

The Thyroid

Rall, J. E., Robbins, J., & Lewallen, C. G. (1964) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2851-8.50011-3 · Cited by 1

OUR GROWING UNDERSTANDING OF THYROID FUNCTION AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION

Means, J. H. (1957) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-47-5-853 · Cited by 1

Acides aminés iodés et iodoprotéines

Rochec, J., & Michel, R. (1955) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-7166-0_7 · Cited by 1

The Troubled and Exciting Years of the First Four Decades of the 20th Century — Part I

Medvei, V. C. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7304-6_19

Physiologie und Biologie der Schilddrüse

Hanke, H. (1937) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-91654-0_3

Essentielle Spurenelemente — Entdeckung, Aufnahme, Metabolismus und Bioverfügbarkeit

Pfannhauser, W. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72861-7_4

Estudos estruturais do receptor do hormônio tireoidiano (hTR) e modelagem por homologia da globulina de ligação à tiroxina (TBG)

Bleicher, L. (2005) · doi:10.11606/d.76.2005.tde-12112007-093449

UPDATE OF THE THYROID GLAND FUNCTIONING IN CANINES. PART I:: NORMAL FUNCTIONING

Osório, J. H., & Salazar, C. L. (2011) · Repositorio Universidad de Caldas

The Thyroid Hormone

Marine, D. (1937) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)

Thyroid Hormones in the Blood

Pitt‐Rivers, R. (2008) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470719046.ch6

Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Koenig, R. J. (1999) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp070523

Désiodation comparée des analogues désaminés des hormones thyroïdiennes

Nunez, J., & Mauchamp, J. (1963) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0016-6480(63)90018-2

Tiroides y bocio: evolución histórica y sus grandes personajes… desault, kocher

Pizarro, I. F. (2013) · Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes · doi:10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70239-6

Iodine metabolism and the hypothyroid state

Hinton, J. W. (1939) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(39)90632-x

Neuere Ergebnisse der Hormonforschung

Merz, K. W. (1933) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.19332710207

THE GEORGE ADLINGTON SYME ORATION: RECENT INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE THYREOID GLAND1

Trikojus, V. M. (1945) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1945.tb02935.x

Neuere Methoden der organischen Chemie in der Physiologie

WILLSTAEDT, H. (1933) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/bf02132064

Hormone und Hormonpräparate

Dernbach, W. (1937) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.19372750608

Synthesis of Small Molecules Targeting ADP-Ribosyltransferases and Total Synthesis of Resveratrol Based Natural Products

Lindgren, A. E. G. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: funcionamiento normal

Osório, J. H., & Salazar, C. L. (2011)

Die Fortschritte der organischen Chemie 1924–1928. II.

Lehmann, E. (1930) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19300430103

Aminosäuren, Betaine, Peptide

Karrer, W. (1976) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-5142-8_29

A Convenient Plant Pollinating Kit

Schroeder, C. A. (1948) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.107.2779.354

DEPISTAGE ET TRAITEMENT DE L'HYPOTHYROIDIE PENDANT LA GROSSESSE : UNE REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE

Friess, H. (2014)

The Thyroid Patient Advocacy-UK (TPA-UK) Response to: "A Statement from the British Thyroid Association Executive Committee on Armour® Thyroid"

Duesberg, P. (2008)

SPECIAL ARTICLE A History of Pediatric Specialties

Fisher, D. A. (2004)

History of disorders of thyroid

Ahmed, N. (2005)

Natural Desiccated Thyroid: Dr. Richard Guttler's False Claim about It

Lowe, J. C. (2009)

Cyborg Butterflies, Liminal Medicine: Thyroid Hormone Treatment, 1890-1970

Crandell, A. S., Hausman, B. L., Collier, J. H., & Berge, A. F. L. (2011) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)

An Update on Human Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Health and Disease: Chemistry, Physiology and Pathophysiology

Banu, L. A. S., Sharmila, S., & Aruldhas, M. M. (2013) · Journal of Endocrinology & Reproduction · doi:10.18519/jer/2013/v17/75784

THE PARATHYROID AND THYROID GLANDS

Arvy, L. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-015649-1.50006-6

Meilensteine der Schilddrüsenchirurgie

Mahanty, M., Koscielny, S., & Koscielny, A. J. (2018) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/a-0664-8953

Höhepunkte der Thyreologie: Eine historische Vignette

WEISSEL, M. (2013) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)

The Thyroid Hormones

ZARROW, M. X., Yochim, J. M., & McCARTHY, J. L. (1964) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395566-1.50012-4

Circulating Hormones

Antoniades, H. N. (1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-568403-3.50013-1

Nature’s Generosity in Protecting Human Health

Delshad, N. S., Soleimanpour, B., & Salehi, P. (2021) · University of Tehran science and humanities series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74326-0_3

The History and Iconography Relating to the Thyroid Gland

Volpe, R. J., & Sawin, C. T. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0038

Die Hormone

Thannhauser, S. J. (1929) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-98986-5_15

Aminosäuren, Betaine, Peptide

Karrer, W. (1958) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-6808-2_29

Neuere Methoden der organischen Chemie in der Physiologie

WILLSTAEDT, H. (1933) · Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02331355

REFERENCES

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XXIII. CHEMISTRY OF THYROXINE.

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The Constitution and Synthesis of Thyroxine

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201. A new synthesis of thyronine

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CXVI.—Synthesis of an isomeride of thyroxine, and of related compounds

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Newer knowledge of the biochemistry of the thyroid gland

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