Involvement of monocytes/macrophages as key factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to the involvement of specialized cells of the immune system as key drivers in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes are an essential cell component of the innate immune system that rapidly mobilize from the bone marrow to wounded tissues where they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells and trigger an immune response. In the healthy heart a limited, but near-constant, number of resident macrophages have been detected; however, this number significantly increases during cardiac damage. Shortly after initial cardiac injury, e.g. myocardial infarction, a large number of macrophages harbouring a pro-inflammatory profile (M1) are rapidly recruited to the cardiac tissue, where they contribute to cardiac remodelling. After this initial period, resolution takes place in the wound, and the infiltrated macrophages display a predominant deactivation/pro-resolution profile (M2), promoting cardiac repair by mediating pro-fibrotic responses. In the present review we focus on the role of the immune cells, particularly in the monocyte/macrophage population, in the progression of the major cardiac pathologies myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis.
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Macrophages have been identified as key factors influencing cardiac remodelling and fibrosis.
“Additionally, macrophages have been identified as key factors influencing cardiac remodelling and fibrosis [2,3].”
From Elucidating cardiac fibroblasts heterogeneity and activation during experimental autoimmune myocarditis using spatial transcriptomics. (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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Reprogramming macrophage orientation by microRNA 146b targeting transcription factor IRF5
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“Additionally, macrophages have been identified as key factors influencing cardiac remodelling and fibrosis [2,3].”
- Authors
- Fernández-Velasco, M., González-Ramos, S., & Boscá, L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (ES)
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2014-02-14
- Volume
- 458
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187-193
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- OpenAlex
- W1997025221
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- monocytes, macrophages, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, cardiac remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, innate immunity, macrophage polarization, cardiac repair
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Marrow Cells, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Macrophages, Monocytes, Disease Progression
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