Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats. Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein

Bennett, A J; Billett, M A; Salter, A M; Mangiapane, E H; Bruce, J S; Anderton, K L; Marenah, C B; Lawson, N; White, D A

doi:10.1042/bj3110167

Cited by 46Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipid metabolism and disordersLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats. Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein

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Bennett, A J, Billett, M A, Salter, A M, Mangiapane, E H, Bruce, J S, Anderton, K L, Marenah, C B, Lawson, N +1 more·1995·Biochemical Journal

DOI 10.1042/bj3110167PMC PMC1136134

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Abstract

Different dietary fatty acids exert specific effects on plasma lipids but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Hamsters were fed on low-cholesterol diets containing triacylglycerols enriched in specific saturated fatty acids, and effects on plasma lipids and the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipoprotein metabolism were measured. Trimyristin and tripalmitin caused significant rises in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which were accompanied by significant reductions in hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. Tripalmitin also increased hepatic expression of the apolipoprotein B gene, implying an increased production of LDL via very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased removal of LDL in animals fed this fat. Hepatic levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA did not vary significantly between the groups. Compared with triolein, tristearin had little effect on hepatic gene expression or total plasma cholesterol. However, it caused a marked decrease in VLDL cholesterol and a rise in LDL cholesterol such that overall it appeared to be neutral. Lipid analysis suggested a rapid desaturation of much of the dietary stearate. The differential changes in plasma lipids and hepatic mRNA levels induced by specific dietary fats suggests a role for fatty acids or a metabolite thereof in the regulation of the expression of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism.

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SFA raises LDL cholesterol by reducing hepatic LDL receptor activity.
“SFA raises LDL cholesterol by reducing hepatic LDL receptor activity”
From Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio as an Indicator for LDL Cholesterol Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion reports that trimyristin and tripalmitin lowered hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in hamsters and suggests that reduced receptor synthesis might explain their higher LDL cholesterol. It did not measure receptor activity in this study or establish that mechanism as causal. The Introduction also notes that saturated fatty acids differ in their effects, so the claim is too broad for SFA as a whole. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
PUFA lowers LDL cholesterol by increasing hepatic LDL receptor activity via decreased receptor turnover and increased receptor synthesis.
“PUFA lowers LDL cholesterol by increasing hepatic LDL receptor activity via decreased receptor turnover and increased receptor synthesis [6,7].”
From Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio as an Indicator for LDL Cholesterol Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says LDL cholesterol is higher with certain saturated-fat diets than with unsaturated-fat diets. The Discussion (page unavailable) links the higher LDL in hamsters fed trimyristin or tripalmitin to potentially decreased LDL receptor synthesis. It does not establish that PUFA lowers LDL through increased receptor synthesis or decreased receptor turnover. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
PUFA and SFA have opposing actions on hepatic LDL receptors and therefore on LDL cholesterol.
“PUFA and SFA have opposing actions on hepatic LDL receptors and, therefore, LDL cholesterol [6,7].”
From Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio as an Indicator for LDL Cholesterol Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report that, in hamsters, trimyristin and tripalmitin lowered hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA relative to triolein and raised LDL cholesterol. The paper does not test PUFA effects on hepatic LDL receptors: triolein supplies oleate, a monounsaturated fatty acid. It therefore supports the SFA finding, but not the claimed opposing receptor actions of PUFA and SFA. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors: Bennett, A. J., Billett, M. A., Salter, A. M., Mangiapane, E. H., Bruce, J. S., Anderton, K. L., Marenah, C. B., Lawson, N., & White, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Nottingham (GB)
Nottingham City Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Bennett, A J
Salter, A M
Bruce, J S
White, D A
Venue: Biochemical Journal
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Published: 1995-10-01
Volume: 311
Issue: 1
Pages: 167-173
ISSN: 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
1470-8728
DOI: 10.1042/bj3110167
PMC: PMC1136134
OpenAlex: W2333084676
Cited by: 46
References: 39
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 3.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: dietary fat, saturated fatty acids, trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin, triolein, apolipoprotein B, LDL receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, hepatic gene expression, serum lipoproteins, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering diet, hamster
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Apolipoproteins B, Base Sequence, Cholesterol, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Cricetinae, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases, Lipoproteins, Liver, Male, Mesocricetus, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, LDL, RNA, Messenger, Triglycerides

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Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats. Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein

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