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Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space
Open accessAbstract
It has been generally accepted that superoxide anion generated by the mitochondrial respiratory transport chain are vectorially released into the mitochondrial matrix, where they are converted to hydrogen peroxide through the catalytic action of Mn-superoxide dismutase. Release of superoxide anion into the intermembrane space is a controversial topic, partly unresolved by the reaction of superoxide anion with cytochrome c, which faces the intermembrane space and is present in this compartment at a high concentration. This study was aimed at assessing the topological site(s) of release of superoxide anion during respiratory chain activity. To address this issue, mitoplasts were prepared from isolated mitochondria by digitonin treatment to remove portions of the outer membrane along with portions of cytochrome c. EPR analysis in conjunction with spin traps of antimycin-supplemented mitoplasts revealed the formation of a spin adduct of superoxide anion. The EPR signal was (i) abrogated by superoxide dismutase, (ii) decreased competitively by exogenous ferricytochrome c and (iii) broadened by the membrane-impermeable spin-broadening agent chromium trioxalate. These results confirm the production and release of superoxide anion towards the cytosolic side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, co-treatment of mitoplasts with myxothiazol and antimycin A, resulting in an inhibition of the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubisemiquinone, abolished the EPR signal, thus suggesting that ubisemiquinone autoxidation at the outer site of the complex-III ubiquinone pool is a pathway for superoxide anion formation and subsequent release into the intermembrane space. The generation of superoxide anion towards the intermembrane space requires consideration of the mitochondrial steady-state values for superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, the decay pathways of these oxidants in this compartment and the implications of these processes for cytosolic events.
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“During inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by hypoxia, O2 was found to redistribute toward nonrespiratory O2-dependent targets such as PHs, so that they no longer registered hypoxia (147).”
From Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: Modulators of mitochondrial and cell function (2009) · cites this paper as [147]
In the citing paper
“Nitric oxide, and other inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, can prevent stabilization of HIF-1α during hypoxia as a result of an increase in PH-dependent degradation of HIF-1α (147).”
From Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: Modulators of mitochondrial and cell function (2009) · cites this paper as [147]
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Metadata
- Authors
- HAN, D., WILLIAMS, E., & CADENAS, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2001-01-08
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 411-416
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- PMC
- PMC1221585
- OpenAlex
- W1966571906
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG016718, 1RO1-AG16718)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Keywords
- superoxide, mitochondrial respiratory chain, intermembrane space, cytochrome c, mitoplasts, antimycin A, cytochrome bc1 complex, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, myxothiazol
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Digitonin, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Intracellular Membranes, Male, Mitochondria, Liver, Oxalates, Oxidation-Reduction, Superoxides, Electron Transport Complex III, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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