Cited by 105Porphyrin Metabolism and DisordersPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms

Terminal steps of haem biosynthesis

Dailey, H. A.·2002·Biochemical Society Transactions

Abstract

The terminal three steps in haem biosynthesis are the oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX, followed by the six-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin IX, and finally the insertion of ferrous iron to form haem. Interestingly, Nature has evolved distinct enzymic machinery to deal with the antepenultimate (co-proporphyrinogen oxidase) and penultimate (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) steps for aerobic compared with anaerobic organisms. The terminal step is catalysed by the enzyme ferrochelatase. This enzyme is clearly conserved with regard to a small set of essential catalytic residues, but varies significantly with regard to size, subunit composition, cellular location and the presence or absence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster. Coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase are reviewed with regard to their enzymic and physical characteristics. Ferrochelatase, which is the best characterized of these three enzymes, will be described with particular emphasis paid to what has been learned from the crystal structure of the Bacillus subtilis and human enzymes.

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Crossref · 10.1042/bst0300590

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  • There are two forms of CPO: oxygen-dependent in aerobic organisms, and oxygen-independent in anaerobic and facultative bacteria.

    “There are two forms of CPO: oxygen-dependent found in aerobic organisms, and oxygen-independent, in anaerobic and facultative bacteria [21].”

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Authors
Dailey, H. A.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Dailey, H. A.
Venue
Biochemical Society Transactions
Published
2002-08-01
Volume
30
Issue
4
Pages
590-595
ISSN
  • 0300-5127 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8752
OpenAlex
W1985614068
Cited by
105
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biochemical Society Transactions (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56DK032303, R01DK032303)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
Keywords
heme biosynthesis, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, ferrochelatase, protoporphyrinogen IX, coproporphyrinogen III, oxidative decarboxylation, [2Fe-2S] cluster, crystal structure
MeSH terms
Bacillus subtilis, Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase, Ferrochelatase, Heme, Crystallography, X-Ray

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