The mitochondrial-encoded subunits of respiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase): identifying residues important in mechanism and disease
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is crucial to respiration in many aerobic organisms. The hydrophilic domain of complex I, containing nine or more redox cofactors, and comprising seven conserved core subunits, protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix or bacterial cytoplasm. The α-helical membrane-bound hydrophobic domain contains a further seven core subunits that are mitochondrial-encoded in eukaryotes and named the ND subunits (ND1–ND6 and ND4L). Complex I couples the oxidation of NADH in the hydrophilic domain to ubiquinone reduction and proton translocation in the hydrophobic domain. Although the mechanisms of NADH oxidation and intramolecular electron transfer are increasingly well understood, the mechanisms of ubiquinone reduction and proton translocation remain only poorly defined. Recently, an α-helical model of the hydrophobic domain of bacterial complex I [Efremov, Baradaran and Sazanov (2010) Nature 465, 441–447] revealed how the 63 transmembrane helices of the seven core subunits are arranged, and thus laid a foundation for the interpretation of functional data and the formulation of mechanistic proposals. In the present paper, we aim to correlate information from sequence analyses, site-directed mutagenesis studies and mutations that have been linked to human diseases, with information from the recent structural model. Thus we aim to identify and discuss residues in the ND subunits of mammalian complex I which are important in catalysis and for maintaining the enzyme's structural and functional integrity.
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ND3 is encoded by mitochondrial DNA, its cysteine cannot be replaced genetically, and there are no known natural mutations or polymorphisms in MT-ND3.
“As the ND3 subunit is encoded by mitochondrial DNA, its cysteine cannot be replaced genetically, and there are no known natural mutations or polymorphisms in the gene encoding this subunit (MT-ND3)31.”
From Cardioprotection by S-nitrosation of a cysteine switch on mitochondrial complex I (2013) · cites this paper as [31]
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Cardioprotection by S-nitrosation of a cysteine switch on mitochondrial complex I
Chouchani, E. T., Methner, C., Nadtochiy, S. M., Logan, A., Pell, V. R., Ding, S., James, A. M., Cochemé, H. M., Reinhold, J., Lilley, K. S., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3212 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bridges, H. R., Birrell, J. A., & Hirst, J.
- Affiliations
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (GB)
- Venue
- Biochemical Society Transactions
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2011-05-20
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 799-806
- ISSN
- 0300-5127 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8752
- OpenAlex
- W1788512958
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical Society Transactions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Keywords
- mitochondrial complex I, complex I, hydrophobic domains, ubiquinone reduction, proton translocation, intramolecular electron transfer, NADH oxidation, site-directed mutagenesis, pathogenic variants, transmembrane helices, hydrophilic domains, mitochondrial respiration
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Disease, Humans, Mitochondria, Models, Molecular, Mutation, NAD, Oxidation-Reduction, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Subunits, Electron Transport Complex I
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